Language and Communication Flashcards
What is language
system that relates sounds/gestures to meaning
What are the elements of language
- Phonology
- Morphology
- Semantics
- Syntax
- Pragmatics
What do you call the sounds of language
Phonology
What do you call the rules of meaning within language
morphology
What do you call the study of words and their meanings
Semantics
What do you call the rules for effective communication (intonation, etc.)
Pragmantics
What are the steps to speech
- Recognizing phonemes
- Recognizing reoccuring patterns of speech/sounds
- Producing language-based sounds
- Producing first words
What are phonemes
- Unique sounds that can be joined to make words (syllables)
- Unique to different languages
Which words are easier to learn
Words that:
- They hear often
- Are content words (nouns/verbs)
- Beginning/end of sentences
What is infant-directed speech
Speaking slowly with exaggerated changes in pitch/loudness
What are the two language-based sounds infants produce
- Cooing (vowel sounds)
- Babbling (consonant + vowel)
What do you call the pattern of rising and falling in speech
intonation
What are words
symbols that represent other entities
How many children are born deaf
1/1000, 10% to deaf parents
Why do babies learn ASL faster than spoken language
motor skills develop quicker than oral skills
What is naming explosion
- 18 months
- learns 10+ words per week
- coincides w rapid cognitive growth
What is fast-mapping
Connecting words + meaning so quickly that you can’t consider all possible meanings
What are the two types of fast-mapping
- Underextension: defining a word too narrowly
- Overextension: defining a word too broadly (all things with wheels are cars)
What is phonological memory
Remembering speech sounds/nonsense words
-related to size of vocab.
What are the two styles of language-learning
- Referential: words that name objects/people/actions (intellectual tool)
- Expressive: social phrases (social tool)
What is telegraphic speech (1.5 years)
simple expressions (eat now, hit ball)
What age do you develop grammatical morphemes and sentences of 3+ words
2 years
What is a grammatical morpheme
words, end of words that make a sentence grammaticak
-ing, -ed, etc.
What is over-regularization
Applying incorrect grammatical morphemes
