Theories of Development Flashcards
An explanation for events/behaviour
Theory
An organized set of ideas designed to explain/make predictions about development.
Child Development Theory
What CDT did John Locke believe in
Tabula Rasa, children are born as blank slates.
What do early childhood development theories try to explain?
Nature vs. Nurture
What CDT did Rousseau believe in?
Maturation
Define nature/nurture
To what extent is development determined by biology/our environment
Define maturation
Children develop according to a biological plan.
Which theory has an evolutionary perspective on development? (such as survival techniques)
Ethological Theory.
What is the name for the window of learning for a child (biological perspective)
Critical Period
What are the strengths of CDTs with biological perspectives?
They play attention to patterns in genetics and the brains role in development.
What are the criticisms of CDTs with biological perspectives?
They don’t address the differences in environment that each child faces.
Which theorists believed in the psychosocial perspective?
- John Locke
- Sigmund Freud
- Erikson
What CDT did Freud believe in
Development is determined by how well people resolve conflicts at certain ages /3 levels of consciousness
What are Freud’s 3 levels of consciousness?
-Id, Ego, Superego (develop through age)
What is Freud’s Id
Level of consciousness that requires immediate gratification for bodily desires (food, sleep, sex)
What is Freud’s ego
Level of consciousness that is rational, logical and finds a compromise.
What is Freud’s superego
Level of consciousness responsible for moral reasoning.
What CDT did Erikson believe in?
8 stages of psychosocial development
What are Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development
- Trust vs Mistrust
- Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- Identity vs. Confusion
- Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Integrity vs. Despair
What is the strength of Freud and Erikson’s psychosocial theories?
- Stimulate future theory development
- Address development across lifespan
What is the criticism for Freud and Erikson’s psychosocial theories?
Freud: unscientific, unprovable,
Erikson: lacks cross-cultural application.
Who was responsible for classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What is classical conditioning?
A learning perspective where one learns to associate an unconditioned stimulus’ response with a conditioned stimulus (jim and dwight on the office).
What three components does classical conditioning require?
- Unconditioned stimulus
- Unconditioned response
- Neutral stimulus