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FMST > social influences: family relationships > Flashcards

social influences: family relationships Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main parenting styles

A
  • authoritarian
  • authoritative
  • permissive
  • uninvolved
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2
Q

authoritarian parenting

A
  • high control/little warmth

- lots of rules, little explanation

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3
Q

authoritative parenting

A
  • fair degree of control and warmth

- lots of rules with explanation

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4
Q

permissive parenting

A
  • little control/high warmth

- minimal rules, lots of warmth

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5
Q

uninvolved parenting

A

-no warmth/control

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6
Q

kids w/ authoritative parents

A

more pro-social/self reliant/friendly

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7
Q

kids w/ authoritarian parents

A

lower self esteem/less happy/more agressive

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8
Q

kids w/ permissive parents

A

impulsive/less self control

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9
Q

kids w/ uninvolved parents

A

do less well in school/more aggressive

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10
Q

what parenting style do lower SES parents tend to have

A

more controlling, more punitive

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11
Q

parenting in canada

A

more emphasis on warmth

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12
Q

parenting in china

A

more emphasis on obedience

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13
Q

parenting in latin cultures

A

high warmth and high control

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14
Q

What are the 3 components of parental behaviour

A
  • direct instruction
  • observational learning
  • feedback (reinforcement/punishment)
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15
Q

negative reinforcement trap

A

accidentally reinforces bad behaviour.

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16
Q

punishment works best when:

A
  • immediate
  • consistent
  • accompanied by explanation
  • administered by someone w close relationship
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17
Q

physical punishment is linked to

A

more aggressive children

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18
Q

harsh forms of physical punishment are linked to

A

mental health issues/impaired parent-child relationships/delayed cognitive development

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19
Q

timeout

A

child sits alone without stimulation

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20
Q

timein

A

adult chats w child immediately to understand situation

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21
Q

longterm effect of parental marriage conflict on children

A

kids are more anxious/prone to diseases/likely to be abusive in their relationships.

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22
Q

how marriage conflict affects kids

A
  • undermines sense of security
  • spills over into parent-child relationship
  • detracts from high quality parenting
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23
Q

what percent of children fare fine after divorce

A

75%

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24
Q

percent of children with negative adjustment after divorce

A

25%

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25
Q

what indicates how well children will handle divorce

A
  • if there was conflict before divorce, children respond positively to divorce
  • if three was low conflict before divorce, children fare worse from divorce
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26
Q

joint custody

A

both parents retain legal custody of children

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27
Q

what are the 4 types of coparenting relationships

A
  • perfect pals (12%
  • cooperative colleagues (38%)
  • angry associates (25%)
  • fiery foes (25%)
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28
Q

perfect pals

A

parents maintain strong friendship after divorce, even hangout unrelated to kids

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29
Q

cooperative colleagues

A

civil/pleasant, only interact to parent

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30
Q

angry associates

A

work together somewhat, still maintain some bitterness/anger

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31
Q

fiery foes

A

enemies, cannot coparent

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32
Q

(unoffical) dissolved duos

A

one parent is absent

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33
Q

stepfamily

A

1 or both partners have children from prior unions

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34
Q

simple stepfamily

A

1 partner has prior children

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35
Q

complex stepfamily

A

both partners have prior children

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36
Q

challenges of stepfamilies

A
  • ambiguous stepparent roles
  • parent-child relationship predates spousal relationship
  • lack of shared history
  • loyalty: who to take sides with
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37
Q

why do children assume divorce si their fault

A

egocentrism

38
Q

differences in LGBT-parented kids

A
  • divide chores more evenly
  • experience less conflic
  • feel more compatible/intimate/satisfied
  • warmer to child’s needs
39
Q

5 types of grandparents

A
  • Influential
  • Supportive
  • Authority oriented
  • passive
  • detached
40
Q

influential grandparents

A

very close to children, often perform parental roles

41
Q

supportive grandparents

A

very close but don’t take on parental roles

42
Q

authority oriented grandparents

A

provide discipline but nothing else

43
Q

passive grandparents

A

up to date w children but not close

44
Q

detached grandparents

A

uninvolved.

45
Q

what makes a grandparent more close

A
  • proximity
  • few grandchildren
  • close to own children
46
Q

grandmothers in indigenous families

A

supportive grandparent

47
Q

sibling relationship benefits

A

perspective-taking/emotional understanding/negotiation/persuasion

48
Q

sibling differentiation

A

siblings de-identify w each other by selecting different niches/personal qualities.

49
Q

siblings get along better when

A
  • same gander
  • believe parents treat fairly
  • enter adolescence
  • parents get along well
  • parents intervene in fights
50
Q

parenting firstborns

A

more affectionate/controlling/demanding

51
Q

firstborns

A

-more intelligent, more likely to go to university

52
Q

parenting laterborns

A

more relaxed and realistic discipline

53
Q

laterborns

A

more popular with peers and innovative

54
Q

only children

A

more likely to succeed in school, have higher self-esteem

55
Q

china’s 1 child policy (1979-2016)

A

effective in reducing birthrate, provided economic benefits to families with only one child.

56
Q

adverse outcomes of adoption are more likely when

A
  • kids are adopted after infancy

- experienced poor care before adoption

57
Q

open-adoption

A

adoptees still have contact with birth families

58
Q

effect of open-adoption

A

more advanced identity as an adoptee.

59
Q

what % of teens experience sexual questioning

A

15

60
Q

what’s a clique

A

4-6 good friends, usually similar in age, sex, race, interests

61
Q

what’s a crowd

A
  • larger, co-ed group of adults
  • have similar values/attitudes
  • status of crowd is linked to self esteem
62
Q

what are the two types of social groups

A

cliques and crowds

63
Q

what do most social groups usually have?

A

A dominance hierarchy, involving a leader.

64
Q

What are the 5 categories of popularity

A
  • Popular children
  • Rejected children
  • Controversial children
  • Average children
  • Neglected children
65
Q

What causes peer pressure

A
  • peers have high status, are friends
  • standards for behaviour aren’t clear
  • youth are younger
66
Q

Popular children

A

liked by many classmates

67
Q

Rejected children

A

disliked by many classmates

68
Q

Controversial children

A

liked and disliked by many classmates

69
Q

Average children

A

liked and disliked by some classmates without intensity

70
Q

Neglected children

A

ignored by classmates

71
Q

What are the characteristics of a popular child

A
  • Skilled academically and socially

- friendly/cooperative/helpful

72
Q

Rejected children

A
  • Poor emotion regulation, more aggressive, hyperactive
  • dislike school/feel lonely
  • more likely if parents model poor conflict resolution/inconsistent discipline.
73
Q

What percentage if children under age 5 spend time in non-parental care

A

46%

74
Q

What qualifies as poor quality childcare

A

multiple low-quality caregivers/changing care arrangements

75
Q

what are the benefits of children in structured activities

A
  • Do better in school
  • Less prone to drug use
  • More involved in communities
76
Q

Latchkey children

A

children who care for themselves after school

77
Q

What is the legal age for leaving a kid alone in Canada

A

10-12

78
Q

What things should an adult consider before leaving a kid alone

A
  • legal age
  • maturity
  • child’s feelings
  • neighborhood
79
Q

what percentage of 15-24 have paid employment

A

over 50%

80
Q

What are the negative outcomes of a teen with a part-time job?

A
  1. School performance suffers
  2. Mental health/behaviour problems are more likely.
  3. Working adolescents spend more than save, can lead to poor money management strategies
81
Q

Benefits of a part time job in highschool

A

They learn to cope with stressful jobs better as adults

82
Q

What defines the socioeconomic status of a neighbourhood?

A

income/education of residents

83
Q

What defines the stability of a neighbourhood

A

% of residents that have lived there for several years.

84
Q

Why do children benefit from living in economically advantaged neighbourhoods?

A
  • Availability of resources (libraries, daycare, medical service, etc.)
  • More close-knit, better supervision
  • less chaotic home lives
85
Q

What is the Family Economic Stress Model?

A

more economic pressure leads to more mental health problems, leads to marital stress, leads to poor parenting, leads to mental health problems in children.

86
Q

What is the problem with families that live in chronic poverty?

A

More stress and fewer resources to cope with it.

87
Q

What are some solutions for families in chronic poverty?

A
  1. Providing institutional resources.

2. Providing cash supplements, increasing tax credits

88
Q

When does school promote the best outcomes?

A
  • Instruction is emphasized
  • Achievements are recognized
  • safe and nurturing
  • parents are involved
  • mentoring programs exist
  • Progress is monitored
89
Q

When do teachers promote the best outcomes?

A
  • Take responsibility for student learning
  • aware of pacing
  • teach actively
  • value tutoring
  • have resources
90
Q

What can parents do to prepare children for school?

A
  • Teach words/numbers before kindergarten
  • model effective social skills
  • treat children as complex and unique

FMST (9 decks)

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