Emotions + Logic Flashcards
Why do we feel emotions
to survive/meet life challenges
What are basic emotions (0-9 months)
- happiness/sadness/anger/surprise/disgust, etc.
- Universally recognized
What are the three components of basic emotions
a) subjective feeling
b) physiological change
c) overt behaviour
What emotion do babies develop at 2-3 months
social smile, smiling in response to someone
What emotion do babies develop at 4-6 months
anger
What emotion do babies develop at 6 months
stranger wariness
-Affected by environment/stranger’s behaviour.
What are complex emotions
responses to meeting/failing to meet expectations or standards
-Pride/shame/guilt/embarassment
Complex emotions are also called what
self-conscious emotions
At what age can infants differentiate facial expressions of emotions
4-6 months
What is social referencing
infants look to caregivers to learn how to interpret unfamiliar situations.
What are display rules
cultural rules that tell us which emotions are appropriate in certain situations.
What are the 4 display rules
- intensify
- minimize
- neutralize
- masking
What do infants vs kids do to regulate emotions
infants rely on physical strategies, school kids rely on mental strategies
What can parents do to help emotional health in their children
- listen to child’s feelings
- help label feelings
- identify feelings in others
- encourage with praise
- view emotion as opportunity for intimacy + teaching
temperament
biologically-based differences in child’s emotional reactivity/self-regulation
when does temperament become evident
a few weeks after birth
what are the 3 types of temperaments identified by early research
- easy
- difficult
- slow to warm up
easy temperament
- happy/cheerful
- Adjust well to new things
difficult temperament
- unhappy
- irregular eating/sleeping
- responds intensely to new things
slow to warm up temperament
- often unhappy
- not upset by unfamiliarity
what are the three dimensions of temperament according to modern research
- surgency/extroversion
- negative affect
- effortful control
surgency/extroversion dimension of temperament
how happy, active and vocal a child is
negative affect dimension of temperament
how angry, fearful, frustrated, shy or not easily soothed a child is.
effortful control dimension of temperament
how well a child focuses attention and how easily they are distracted.
which dimension of temperament is most influenced by biology
negative affect
who is more likely to have a similar temperament, identical or fraternal twins?
identical
what environmental factor influences a child’s temperament
parents’ behaviour
is temperament biologic or environment based
biologically-based, influenced by environment.
can temperament develop overtime
yes
developmental outcome of persistent kids
more likely to succeed in school
developmental outcome of inhibited kids
less likely to cope with problems
developmental outcome of anxious kids
more likely to comply with rules
developmental outcome of angry kids
prone to depression
developmental outcome of kids with strong effortful control
better working memories
developmental outcome of kids with low self-regulation
- more likely to drop out of school
- prone to addiction
should children of all temperaments be parented the same way
no
how is the “need to belong” characterized
drive to maintain regular interaction with affectionate, intimate partners.
Studies on monkeys in isolation showed what
we suffer when deprived of close-contact
attachment (in kids)
enduring social-emotional relationships with a primary caregiver
What are the phases of child attachment
- preattachment (0-6 wks)
- attachment in the making (6-8 wks)
- true attachment (8-18 mos)
- reciprocal relationships (18 mos)
preattachment (0-6 wks)
recognizes caregivers smell/sounds
attachment in the making (6-8 wks)
smiles and laughs more with primary caregivers
- true attachment (8-18 mos)
attachment solidifed
- reciprocal relationships (18 mos)
can act as “true partners”
“strange situation” experiment
- mom + baby enter unfamiliar room w toys.
- mom leaves briefly
- mom comes back
baby’s reacton to step 2 and 3 shows attachment style
what are the 4 types of attachment in kids + %
secure attachment: 60-65%
avoidant attachment: 20%
resistance attachment: 10-15%
disorganized: 5%
traits of secure attachment in babies
baby cries when mom leaves but is easily consoled when she returns
traits of avoidant attachment in babies
baby is not visibly upset when mom leaves but ignore her when she returns
traits of disorganized attachment in babies
baby is confused when mom leaves and dazed when she comes back
how are attachment styles learned
from consistency/responsiveness of caregivers.
internal working model
set of expectations a child has about their caregivers responsiveness generally/in times of stress.
what are the determining factors for attachment in adulthood
- avoidance of intimacy
- anxiety about abandonment
avoidance of intimacy
degree of comfort in close relationships
anxiety about abandonment
the degree to which we worry that others will leave us.
what are the 4 attachment styles of adulthood + %
secure: 60-65%
preoccupied: 20%
fearful: 1%
dismissing: 20%
what is preoccupied attachment in adults
like being in relationships but fear their significant other will leave them
-Prone to jealousy
what is fearful attachment in adults
fear of being rejected keeps them from developing intimate relationships
what is dismissing attachment in adults
uninterested in dating
can attachment style be unlearned/changed
yes
