UK's evolving landscapes EQ2 4.3

Question 1

Name the four geological structures that influence erosional landforms.

Answer 1

Concordant
Discordant
Joints
Faults

Question 2

What is the difference between a joint and a fault?

Answer 2

Joints are small, usually vertical cracks

Faults are larger cracks caused by last tectonic movement, where rocks have moved

Question 3

What is the difference between concordant and discordant coastlines?

Answer 3

Discordant coasts are when different rocks are found alternately along the coast and form headlands and bays
Concordantes coasts are layers of rock horizontal to the sea and when a resistant layer finally erodes they create coves and cliffs.

Question 4

Name the order in which cracks in rocks form stumps

Answer 4

Crack, cave, arch, stack and stumps.

Question 5

What is the fetch?

Answer 5

The length of water the wind blows over

Question 6

When are winds strongest and how does this affect waves?

Answer 6

Winds are strongest in autumn and winter and this makes destructive waves more common - When there is a higher wave height, shorter wave length, stronger backwash than swash and removes sediment from the beach through erosion.

Question 7

What are the definitions for hydraulic action, attrition and abrasion.

Answer 7

Hydraulic action - air , may become trapped in joints and cracks on a cliff face when a wave breaks, the trapped air is compressed.
Abrasión - bits of rock and sand in waves grind down cliff surfaces like sandpaper
Attrition - waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other and they break and become smoother