UK landscapes 1 ✓

Question 1

what are the three rock types ?

Answer 1

metamorphic
sedimentary
igneous

Question 2

how are metamorphic rocks formed ?

Answer 2

• igneous and sedimentary rocks are put under great pressure and are close to a source of heat
• the rocks are not melted but heated
• under these two conditions the minerals within the rock change to form a new type of metamorphic rock

Question 3

how are igneous rocks formed ?

Answer 3

• formed from molten rock called magma that is found inside the earth
• when magma cools it forms igneous rocks

Question 4

how are sedimentary rocks formed ?

Answer 4

• formed from weather or eroded rock debris or Dead Sea creatures that has been transported and deposited
• the deposited rock grains build up in layers called sediments
• the weight of the sediments cause layers at the bottom to become compacted forming rocks

Question 5

what are the characteristics of metamorphic rocks ?

Answer 5

formed from igneous and sedimentary rocks

Question 6

what are the characteristics of igneous rocks ?

Answer 6

formed from magma

Question 7

what are the characteristics of sedimentary rocks ?

Answer 7

formed in layers

Question 8

what are examples of metamorphic rocks ?

Answer 8

schist

slate

Question 9

what are examples of igneous rocks ?

Answer 9

granite

basalt

Question 10

what are examples of sedimentary rocks ?

Answer 10

chalk
limestone
sandstone

Question 11

where are sedimentary rocks found ?

Answer 11

they are mainly found in the lowland England the south east

Question 12

where are metamorphic rocks found ?

Answer 12

they are mainly found in the Highland England the north west

Question 13

where are igneous rocks found ?

Answer 13

they are mainly found in the Highland England the north west

Question 14

how do tectonic processes help form upland landscapes ?

Answer 14

• north west of the Tees-Exe line largely igneous rock

- tectonic events have made long extinct volcanoes form hills mountains

Question 15

in Dartmoor how are the Tors formed ?

Answer 15

• Dartmoor formed when dome of magma developed underground
• magma cooled and contracted to form granite with joints
• chemical weathering caused the joints to widen
• granite was exposed on surface
• freeze thaw weathering, erosion and mass movement removed broken granite
• outcrops of rock less affected by weathering and erosion was left behind forming tors

Question 16

how did tectonic activity shape lowland landscapes ?

Answer 16

• sedimentary rocks show that Britain was at a different latitude compared to today
• this shows movement of continental areas of the globe which is explained by the modern theory of plate tectonics.

Question 17

how have sedimentary rocks helped form the north and South Downs ?

Answer 17

• sedimentary rocks softer and easily eroded

- so are worn down quickly to form low hills and lowland basins

Question 18

how can weathering change the shape of upland landscapes ?

Answer 18

• repeated freeze thaw breaks off rock and at the bottom of the scar cliff a scree slope is formed

Question 19

how have jagged mountain tops been formed ?

Answer 19

the process of erosion is slower than the mountains’ growth rate, the peaks slowly continue to rise

Question 20

how can mass movement change the shape of landscapes ?

Answer 20

• landslides are occasional rapid movements of a mass of earth or rock sliding along a steep slope
• soil creep is a very slow movement occurring on very gentle slopes

Question 21

how does agriculture change the landscape ?

Answer 21

drainage ditches are built to draw water away from low-lying agricultural land to let the crops grow

Question 22

what are the advantages of agriculture on the South Downs ?

Answer 22

contributed towards supporting rare bird species on the downs

Question 23

what are the disadvantages of agriculture on the South Downs ?

Answer 23

there has been a sufficient decline in chalk grassland from the use of chemicals in farming

Question 24

how does forestry change the landscape ?

Answer 24

• more trees have been planted for forestry

- UK naturally has deciduous woodlands but people have grown conifer plantations

Question 25

what are the advantages of forestry on the South Downs ?

Answer 25

• the timber harvested is a valuable sustainable product

- it is useful for construction and fuel for heating

Question 26

what are the disadvantages of forestry on the South Downs ?

Answer 26

• many of the hazel and chestnut coppices are under threat
• people no longer manage these trees
• as they become overgrown the quality of the woodland and biodiversity decreases

Question 27

how does settlements change the landscape ?

Answer 27

• settlements have been put on the land that is flat because its easier to build on
• settlements have spread over the landscape and more rivers and streams now run in underground tunnels

Question 28

what are the advantages of spring line settlements on the South Downs ?

Answer 28

has the largest market towns of any UK towns and cities

Question 29

what are the disadvantages of spring line settlements on the South Downs ?

Answer 29

there has been a decline in community facilities such as the post office, general store, pub or school