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Geography > fieldwork investigations 3 > Flashcards

fieldwork investigations 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the geographical theories we investigated ?

A

how the river Ogmore changed with distance down stream

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2
Q

what is another geographical theory you can investigate ?

A

the Bradshaw model of rivers

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3
Q

what is primary data ?

A

data you collect yourself

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4
Q

what are the advantages of primary data ?

A
  • know its reliable and valid
  • collect the data that you need
  • can collect as much data as required
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5
Q

what are the disadvantages of primary data ?

A
  • don’t have access to proper resources

- can be time consuming

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6
Q

what is secondary data ?

A

data that someone else has already collected

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7
Q

what are the advantages of secondary data ?

A
  • doesn’t take long to collect
  • take real data from past
  • some data is valid - collected from the government
  • may give you an average
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8
Q

what are the disadvantages of secondary data ?

A
  • don’t know where it came from or how reliable it is
  • might have no relevant data
  • data can be complicated
  • don’t have full understanding of what data set is showing
  • data could be out of date
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9
Q

what is qualitative data ?

A
  • subjective data - information from people’s point of view

- non-numerical data

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10
Q

what are the advantages of qualitative data ?

A
  • can develop specific insights
  • turns individual’s experiences into usable data
  • more affordable than other research techniques
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11
Q

what are the disadvantages of qualitative data ?

A
  • takes a lot of time to collect the data

- does not offer statistical representation

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12
Q

what is quantitive data ?

A
  • objective data - information collected through observation and measured
  • numerical data
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13
Q

what are the advantages of quantitive data ?

A
  • results are valid and reliable

- useful for studies that involve numbers

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14
Q

what are the disadvantages of quantitive data ?

A
  • survey instruments are vulnerable to errors

- some topics are too big to quantify into numbers

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15
Q

what are the disadvantages of systematic sampling ?

A
  • might suggest places that are dangerous or inaudible

- a little biased

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16
Q

what is systematic sampling ?

A

collecting data in an ordered or regular way

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17
Q

what is stratified sampling ?

A
  • dividing sampling into groups
  • stratified random sampling - random samples are taken from within certain categories
  • stratified systematic sampling - regular samples are taken from within certain categories
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18
Q

what is random sampling ?

A

pick random places or people to get data from

19
Q

what are the disadvantages of random sampling ?

A

may miss out areas where there is key information

20
Q

why do data collection sheets need to be clear and simple ?

A

to make the results easy to read

21
Q

how easy is the data collection equipment to use/transport ?

A
  • reasonably easy
  • not heavy
  • quite inconvenient
22
Q

how expensive is the data collection equipment ?

A
  • impeller is expensive

- not much else is expensive

23
Q

why do we need risk assessments ?

A

to know which areas to avoid and the dangers of the area

24
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a bar graph ?

A

+ easy to interpret

- if attempt to represent wide ranges of numbers will struggle to efficiently communicate their meaning

25
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a pie graph ?

A

+ easily display relative proportions of multiple classes of data
- does not show changes overtime

26
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a line graph ?

A

+ scale means figures can be read easily and accurately

- appearance may imply more data than you actually have

27
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a scatter graph ?

A

+ range of data flow - minimum and maximum values can be maintained
- doesn’t work to show relation of more than two variables

28
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a divided bar graph ?

A

+ shows the overall amount of each variable for each group

- confusing to see exact figures of each variable

29
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a % bar graph ?

A

+ easy to read

- do not know the exact amount

30
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a radar graph ?

A

+ good for visualising comparisons of quality of data

- comparisons can become hard to read when there are more than a couple webs on the chart

31
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a cross sections on a graph ?

A

+ easily prove or disprove assumptions

- can’t show cause and effect

32
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a dispersion graph ?

A

+ anomalies are easily shown

- standard deviation can be easily manipulated and be bias

33
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a choropleth map ?

A

+ can easily see large amounts of information and patterns

- assumes whole area has the same value

34
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a dot map ?

A

+ shows density and distribution over whole area

- clustering makes it impossible to plot and interpret

35
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a located proportional symbol map ?

A

+ easy to read as each symbol is proportional to its value

- difficult to calculate actual value

36
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a located bars map ?

A

+ show frequency distribution and is easy to read

- don’t show key assumptions, causes, impacts and patterns

37
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a word cloud ?

A

+ reveals key thoughts of an area

- don’t know exact numbers of people who have said these things

38
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of annotated field sketches ?

A

+ easy to pick key information we need to annotate

- drawn by people so impossible to see the distorted information

39
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a GIS (geographical information system) ?

A

+ high accuracy and presents better predictions and analysis
- requires enormous amount of data

40
Q

what do you put in your evaluation ? 4

A
  • what were the advantages and limitations of each stage of the process
  • how accurate (lacking in errors)
  • how reliable (consistent and repeatable)
  • how valid (was is suitable to answer the question)
41
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a population pyramid ?

A

+ easy to understand and give a clear indication of movement
- if lots of flows are going in the dame direction map can start to look very complicated

42
Q

when are triangular graphs used ?

A

three axes divided up into percentages totalling 100 three sets of data are needed

43
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of histograms ?

A

+ helps visualise distribution large amounts of data

- interpreting a histogram can be hard

44
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a triangular graph ?

A

+ large amounts of data can be plotted easily

- data has to be in percentages

Geography (20 decks)

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