fieldwork investigations 3 Flashcards
what are the geographical theories we investigated ?
how the river Ogmore changed with distance down stream
what is another geographical theory you can investigate ?
the Bradshaw model of rivers
what is primary data ?
data you collect yourself
what are the advantages of primary data ?
- know its reliable and valid
- collect the data that you need
- can collect as much data as required
what are the disadvantages of primary data ?
- don’t have access to proper resources
- can be time consuming
what is secondary data ?
data that someone else has already collected
what are the advantages of secondary data ?
- doesn’t take long to collect
- take real data from past
- some data is valid - collected from the government
- may give you an average
what are the disadvantages of secondary data ?
- don’t know where it came from or how reliable it is
- might have no relevant data
- data can be complicated
- don’t have full understanding of what data set is showing
- data could be out of date
what is qualitative data ?
- subjective data - information from people’s point of view
- non-numerical data
what are the advantages of qualitative data ?
- can develop specific insights
- turns individual’s experiences into usable data
- more affordable than other research techniques
what are the disadvantages of qualitative data ?
- takes a lot of time to collect the data
- does not offer statistical representation
what is quantitive data ?
- objective data - information collected through observation and measured
- numerical data
what are the advantages of quantitive data ?
- results are valid and reliable
- useful for studies that involve numbers
what are the disadvantages of quantitive data ?
- survey instruments are vulnerable to errors
- some topics are too big to quantify into numbers
what are the disadvantages of systematic sampling ?
- might suggest places that are dangerous or inaudible
- a little biased
what is systematic sampling ?
collecting data in an ordered or regular way
what is stratified sampling ?
- dividing sampling into groups
- stratified random sampling - random samples are taken from within certain categories
- stratified systematic sampling - regular samples are taken from within certain categories
what is random sampling ?
pick random places or people to get data from
what are the disadvantages of random sampling ?
may miss out areas where there is key information
why do data collection sheets need to be clear and simple ?
to make the results easy to read
how easy is the data collection equipment to use/transport ?
- reasonably easy
- not heavy
- quite inconvenient
how expensive is the data collection equipment ?
- impeller is expensive
- not much else is expensive
why do we need risk assessments ?
to know which areas to avoid and the dangers of the area
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a bar graph ?
+ easy to interpret
- if attempt to represent wide ranges of numbers will struggle to efficiently communicate their meaning
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a pie graph ?
+ easily display relative proportions of multiple classes of data
- does not show changes overtime
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a line graph ?
+ scale means figures can be read easily and accurately
- appearance may imply more data than you actually have
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a scatter graph ?
+ range of data flow - minimum and maximum values can be maintained
- doesn’t work to show relation of more than two variables
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a divided bar graph ?
+ shows the overall amount of each variable for each group
- confusing to see exact figures of each variable
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a % bar graph ?
+ easy to read
- do not know the exact amount
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a radar graph ?
+ good for visualising comparisons of quality of data
- comparisons can become hard to read when there are more than a couple webs on the chart
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a cross sections on a graph ?
+ easily prove or disprove assumptions
- can’t show cause and effect
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a dispersion graph ?
+ anomalies are easily shown
- standard deviation can be easily manipulated and be bias
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a choropleth map ?
+ can easily see large amounts of information and patterns
- assumes whole area has the same value
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a dot map ?
+ shows density and distribution over whole area
- clustering makes it impossible to plot and interpret
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a located proportional symbol map ?
+ easy to read as each symbol is proportional to its value
- difficult to calculate actual value
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a located bars map ?
+ show frequency distribution and is easy to read
- don’t show key assumptions, causes, impacts and patterns
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a word cloud ?
+ reveals key thoughts of an area
- don’t know exact numbers of people who have said these things
what are the advantages and disadvantages of annotated field sketches ?
+ easy to pick key information we need to annotate
- drawn by people so impossible to see the distorted information
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a GIS (geographical information system) ?
+ high accuracy and presents better predictions and analysis
- requires enormous amount of data
what do you put in your evaluation ? 4
- what were the advantages and limitations of each stage of the process
- how accurate (lacking in errors)
- how reliable (consistent and repeatable)
- how valid (was is suitable to answer the question)
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a population pyramid ?
+ easy to understand and give a clear indication of movement
- if lots of flows are going in the dame direction map can start to look very complicated
when are triangular graphs used ?
three axes divided up into percentages totalling 100 three sets of data are needed
what are the advantages and disadvantages of histograms ?
+ helps visualise distribution large amounts of data
- interpreting a histogram can be hard
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a triangular graph ?
+ large amounts of data can be plotted easily
- data has to be in percentages
