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Geography > UK challenges 3 > Flashcards

UK challenges 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the estimated size of the population in the UK in 50 years ?

A

the population is estimated to be larger

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2
Q

what is the estimates age structure of the population in the UK in 50 years ?

A
  • more young working people due to migration of younger people who move to the UK for work
  • increased number of older people as heath care continues to improve
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3
Q

how will population change impact the resource consumption ?

A

as population increases the demand for resources increases meaning more resources will be exploited

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4
Q

how has the population pressure food production impacted the UK ecosystems ? 2

A
  • growing population increases pressure on food production

- increase agribusiness so farming will expand which could reduce natural habitats

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5
Q

what are the strategies to address the population pressure of food production ? 3

A
  • increase farm sizes
  • increase use of chemical fertilisers
  • use new technology
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6
Q

how has the population pressure housing impacted the UK ecosystems ? 3

A
  • growing population mean more housing is needed
  • use of greenbelt land destroys open space and effects habitats
  • housing may also be built on floodplain increasing flood risk
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7
Q

what are the strategies to address the population pressure of housing ? 2

A
  • building at higher densities using brownfield sites for new homes
  • managing river catchment areas to reduce the risk and impacts of flooding
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8
Q

how has the population pressure water impacted the UK ecosystems ? 1

A

increased population will create increased demand for water will put pressure on local water systems due to increased consumption and water treatment

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9
Q

what are the strategies to address the population pressure of water ? 2

A
  • finding new water sources and reducing water wastage and leaks to boost domestic water sources
  • new water transfer schemes to move water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit
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10
Q

how has the population pressure greenhouse gas emissions impacted the UK ecosystems ? 2

A
  • population increase will increase GHG emissions as the use of fossil fuels will increase
  • could lead to further increases in climate change unless sustainable energy sources are used
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11
Q

what are the strategies to address the population pressure of greenhouse gas emissions ? 2

A
  • choosing alternative sustainable energy sources to meet increased demand
  • increase energy conservation to reduce consumption
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12
Q

what are the different types of sustainable transport schemes ? 6

A
  • improving public transport
  • cycle routes
  • bike hire schemes
  • car-sharing schemes
  • zero emission vehicles
  • park and rides
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13
Q

how does improving public transport work ?

A
  • use of buses, trains and trams encourages people to leave their cars at home so less fuel per head
  • bus priority lanes stop buses being held up making them more attractive than driving reducing congest on roads and pollution
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14
Q

why is improving public transport sustainable ?

A
  • reduces pollution

- reduces contributing to GHG emissions

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15
Q

what are the possible limitations of improving public transport ?

A

people may not live near public transport access routes

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16
Q

why are cycles routes sustainable ?

A
  • encourages people to use bikes instead of cars for shorter distances
  • reduces GHG emissions and pollution
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17
Q

how do bike hire schemes work ?

A
  • cities have bike hire schemes
  • started with Santander (Boris bikes) in London in 2010
  • used for over 20,000 journeys per day
  • reduces congestion and pollution and keeps people fit
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18
Q

what are the possible limitations of cycle routes ?

A

people who are travelling longer journeys cannot use them

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19
Q

how does car-sharing schemes work ?

A
  • run by many authorities
  • commuters are encouraged to car share journeys to and from work
  • some towns and cities there are carpool lanes so can only be used by cars with 2 or more occupants
  • car clubs where a group of people own a car and then use it
20
Q

why are car-sharing schemes sustainable ?

A
  • reduced congestion
  • reduced parking problems
  • reduces greenhouse gas emissions
  • reduces pollution
21
Q

what are the possible limitations of bike hire schemes ?

A
  • only been introduced into larger cities so people who live in smaller cities cannot use them
  • smaller cities don’t have the benefits of the bike hire schemes
22
Q

why are zero-emission vehicles sustainable ?

A
  • reduce CO2 emission by around 20 600 tonnes

- improves air quality

23
Q

how do park and rides work ?

A

many cities have P&R on the outskirts which reduces cars in the city centres eg Oxford and Salisbury

24
Q

what are the possible limitations of car-sharing schemes ?

A
  • more inconvenient

- requires planning

25
Q

what are the possible limitations of zero-emission vehicles ?

A

people may not want to buy a new car

26
Q

what are the possible limitations of park and rides ?

A

large areas of land are taken up by car parks made for p&R

27
Q

what is two-speed economy ?

A

refers to the idea that economic growth within the UK is not uniform across the whole country

28
Q

what are the impacts of two-speed economy ?

A
  • more people are committing or moving to capital cities in south east
  • reduces locally available workforce and does not encourage other businesses to invest in that area
  • there are good access routes in London and the south east which makes living there more desirable
  • people who live further north have less well-pad job opportunities which makes it less desirable to someone to work there
  • northern areas suffering lower and slower economic growth
29
Q

what can be done to reduce the economic gap between the north and south of the UK ?

A
  • expand well-paid businesses into areas further north to encourage people to move there bringing in more money to the northern areas
  • government have agreed devolution measures, which gives additional power and money to councils in the north
30
Q

what is a Greenfield site ?

A

area of land that has not been built upon before

31
Q

what is a greenfield site ?

A

area of land that has not been built upon before

32
Q

what is a brownfield site ?

A

area of land has been built upon before and can be regenerated for new construction

33
Q

what are the advantages of a greenfield site ? 2

A
  • relatively cheap and rates of house building is faster

- layout is not hampered by previous development so can easily be made efficient and pleasant

34
Q

what are the disadvantages of a greenfield site ? 3

A
  • valuable farm or recreational land that has lost the wildlife and their habitats
  • there is lots of pollution and noise
  • mostly far from work and services so makes more traffic
35
Q

what are the advantages of a brownfield site ? 3

A
  • reduce loss of countryside and land that might be put to agricultural and recreational use
  • revive old and disused urban area
  • major services such as water, electricity, gas and sewage are already in place near main areas of employment so committing is reduced
36
Q

what are the disadvantages of a brownfield site ?

A
  • more expensive because old buildings have to be cleared of pollutants
  • sometimes surrounded by rundown areas so do not always appeal to more wealth people
  • higher levels of pollution making it less wealthy
37
Q

what is an emigrant ?

A

person who leaves their country to settle permanently in another

38
Q

what is a migrant ?

A

person who moves from one place to another especially in order to find work or better living conditions

39
Q

what is an immigrant ?

A

person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country

40
Q

what is migration like in the UK ?

A
  • since 1990’s immigration > emigration
  • as EU has expanded from European countries
  • refuges have also come to UK fleeing war in countries
  • most migrants are in 25-44 age group they come for work
  • London has highest number of foreign-born people living there at 37.2%
  • Northern Ireland has the lowest at 1.5%
41
Q

where do we get our migration statistics from ?

A

foreign office

42
Q

why might the statistics of migration not always be available ?

A
  • do not include everyone entering a country for example travellers on holiday or business trips
  • some people enter illegally and some don’t have travel papers
  • aren’t always counted correctly
43
Q

what are employers opinions on migration ?

A
  • immigration increases workers who help the economy to grow and pay their taxes
  • the bring in useful skill
44
Q

what are job seekers opinions on migration ?

A

some believe that migrants take their jobs and use the social benefits system in the UK

45
Q

what is the governments opinions on migration ?

A
  • immigration increases workers who help the economy to grow and pay their taxes
  • the bring in useful skill
  • some believe migration is food for improving the multicultural aspects of our society
  • some feel that migrations puts pressure on local services such as health, school places and housing.
  • some are against the ida of economic migrants to the UK because they take jobs from British and use the UK’s social benefits system

Geography (20 decks)

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