UK challenge landscape 3 Flashcards
what are national parks ?
an area of countryside, or occasionally sea or fresh water, protected by the state for the enjoyment of the general public or the preservation of wildlife
who uses national parks ?
- visitors
- residents
what problems are there in national parks ? 9
- overcrowding
- litter
- damage to vegetation
- damage to farmland
- loss of wildlife
- spoilt landscape
- gates left open
- damaged walls
- difficulties for farmers
what ways are national parks being managed ? 4
1 - creation of ‘conservation apprentices’
2 - encouraging people to change their transport habits
3 - converting old farm buildings into new business premises
4 - providing funds to small businesses in the national parks
why are these ways sustainable ?
1 - encourage people to continue living in national parks maintaining traditional countryside management and methods addressing youth unemployment
2 - to try and reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the tourists
3 - provide more employment in the national parks
4 - training and environmental audits to help create job stability to encourage further investment
what problems are there with rivers ?
- increasing population
- building on floodplains to accommodate increased population
what problems are there with rivers ? 5
- flooding
- increasing population
- building on floodplains to accommodate increased population
- changes in land use urban development creates impermeable surface which increases surface runoff
- climate change more extreme rainfall events causing more flooding
what ways are people managing these problems with rivers ? 2
- controlling development in flood plain to make floods less likely by building flood defences and managing rivers and land use
- making the impacts of folding less serious by helping people prepare for flooding and giving flood warnings
what problems exist with coasts ?
- coastal flooding resulting in storm surges
- during flooding coastal defences become overwhelmed which puts people at risk
what ways are the problems with the coasts being managed ?
- sea walls are made to prevent coastal erosions but also act as a barriers to prevent coastal areas flooding
- managed retreat newly flood areas develop into salt marshes to act as natural defences and habitats for wildlife
what impacts will the coastal management solutions have ?
sea walls are hard engineering and expensive so will be damaged overtime and need to be maintained
what is some information about the Somerset Levels ? 6
- low lying area crossed by several rivers in south-west England
- River Tone was diverted to new embanked channel in Middle Ages, embankments have been built on River Parret and dredged to remove silt
- physical cause was heavy rainfall throughout 2013/14 winter
- widespread flooding of 7000 hectares of land
- human cause was flood defences weren’t good enough because silt had built up behind it
- if created a tidal barrier improvements to relief channels allows water to not come up on main land
what is some information about the New Forest ?
- 570km(squared) area
- 14 million visitors per year
- £123 million visitors spend per year
what is some information about the Storm surges in December 2013 ?
- East coast flooding
- 5th December 2013
- Environmental Agency said 800,000 homes are protected by coastal defences and better forecasting had been given at a ‘vital time’ to prepare
- highest peak was 5.8m tall in Hull and 4.7m in Dover the tallest in the past 100 years
what is some information about the Storm surges in December 2013 ?
- East coast flooding
- 5th December 2013
- Environmental Agency said 800,000 homes are protected by coastal defences and better forecasting had been given at a ‘vital time’ to prepare
- highest peak was 5.8m tall in Hull and 4.7m in Dover the tallest in the past 100 years
- the Thames barrier was raised
what is some information about the New Forest ? 3
- 570km(squared) area
- 14 million visitors per year
- £123 million visitors spend per year
what is some information about the Storm surges in December 2013 ? 5
- East coast flooding
- 5th December 2013
- Environmental Agency said 800,000 homes are protected by coastal defences and better forecasting had been given at a ‘vital time’ to prepare
- highest peak was 5.8m tall in Hull and 4.7m in Dover the tallest in the past 100 years
- the Thames barrier was raised
how is climate likely to change in the future ?
- winter temperatures are likely to rise by 2-4°
- summer temperatures are likely to increase by 3-5°
- average winter temp range of 3-10°
- average summer temp range of 15-22°
how might these climate changes impact the people and the landscape ?
- flooding - changes to precipitation, sea levels rising risk of river and coastal flooding and flash floods
- water deficits - lower rainfall and increased evaporation, less water in rivers, soil and ground water
- ecosystems - plants and animals will have to adapt to new climate, species may become extinct others may migrate, competition for non-native species moving in, change natural vegetation
- drought - warmer and drier summers will increase risk of drought
how is climate likely to change in the UK ?
- will be 15-30% wetter in winter
- 15-30% drier in summer
- extreme rainfall will become more frequent and intense
how do people on a local scale respond to climate change ? 3
1 - walking or cycling shorter journeys instead of driving
2 - buying locally produced food rather than imported food
3 - installing insulation and double glazing to reduce heat loss
how do people on a national scale respond to climate change ? 2
1 - limit carbon emissions from industry and farming
2 - launch campaigns to encourage people to recycle and reduce resource consumption
how do people on a global (international) scale respond to climate change ? 1
cooperation between different government is vital if plans to combat global climate change are going to happen
how will the responses on a local scale reduce climate change ? 3
1 - reduces carbon dioxide emissions reducing greenhouse gases
2 - less fuel is being used to import foods less fossil fuels are being burnt
3 - heating doesn’t need to be on all time reducing amount to fossil fuels burnt
how will the responses on a national scale reduce climate change ? 2
1 - reduces carbon dioxide emissions reducing greenhouse gases
2 - reduces resource consumptions
what is some information about national parks ? 2
- 15 in the UK
- each park creates 5-10 year management plans
