UK challenge landscape 3 Flashcards
what are national parks ?
an area of countryside, or occasionally sea or fresh water, protected by the state for the enjoyment of the general public or the preservation of wildlife
who uses national parks ?
- visitors
- residents
what problems are there in national parks ? 9
- overcrowding
- litter
- damage to vegetation
- damage to farmland
- loss of wildlife
- spoilt landscape
- gates left open
- damaged walls
- difficulties for farmers
what ways are national parks being managed ? 4
1 - creation of ‘conservation apprentices’
2 - encouraging people to change their transport habits
3 - converting old farm buildings into new business premises
4 - providing funds to small businesses in the national parks
why are these ways sustainable ?
1 - encourage people to continue living in national parks maintaining traditional countryside management and methods addressing youth unemployment
2 - to try and reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the tourists
3 - provide more employment in the national parks
4 - training and environmental audits to help create job stability to encourage further investment
what problems are there with rivers ?
- increasing population
- building on floodplains to accommodate increased population
what problems are there with rivers ? 5
- flooding
- increasing population
- building on floodplains to accommodate increased population
- changes in land use urban development creates impermeable surface which increases surface runoff
- climate change more extreme rainfall events causing more flooding
what ways are people managing these problems with rivers ? 2
- controlling development in flood plain to make floods less likely by building flood defences and managing rivers and land use
- making the impacts of folding less serious by helping people prepare for flooding and giving flood warnings
what problems exist with coasts ?
- coastal flooding resulting in storm surges
- during flooding coastal defences become overwhelmed which puts people at risk
what ways are the problems with the coasts being managed ?
- sea walls are made to prevent coastal erosions but also act as a barriers to prevent coastal areas flooding
- managed retreat newly flood areas develop into salt marshes to act as natural defences and habitats for wildlife
what impacts will the coastal management solutions have ?
sea walls are hard engineering and expensive so will be damaged overtime and need to be maintained
what is some information about the Somerset Levels ? 6
- low lying area crossed by several rivers in south-west England
- River Tone was diverted to new embanked channel in Middle Ages, embankments have been built on River Parret and dredged to remove silt
- physical cause was heavy rainfall throughout 2013/14 winter
- widespread flooding of 7000 hectares of land
- human cause was flood defences weren’t good enough because silt had built up behind it
- if created a tidal barrier improvements to relief channels allows water to not come up on main land
what is some information about the New Forest ?
- 570km(squared) area
- 14 million visitors per year
- £123 million visitors spend per year
what is some information about the Storm surges in December 2013 ?
- East coast flooding
- 5th December 2013
- Environmental Agency said 800,000 homes are protected by coastal defences and better forecasting had been given at a ‘vital time’ to prepare
- highest peak was 5.8m tall in Hull and 4.7m in Dover the tallest in the past 100 years
what is some information about the Storm surges in December 2013 ?
- East coast flooding
- 5th December 2013
- Environmental Agency said 800,000 homes are protected by coastal defences and better forecasting had been given at a ‘vital time’ to prepare
- highest peak was 5.8m tall in Hull and 4.7m in Dover the tallest in the past 100 years
- the Thames barrier was raised
