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Geography > energy resource management 2 > Flashcards

energy resource management 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

how is coal being developed ? 3

A
  • South Wales coal valleys
  • important world energy resource
  • used all over world largest producer of electricity
  • in 2014 there was a 4% rise in consumption but a 7% decline in production
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2
Q

what are the advantages of the production and development of coal ? 4

A
  • large quantities of coal available to 70 countries world wide
  • mining coal is relatively easy and cheap
  • relatively easy to convert coal into energy by burning it
  • should last for another 250 years
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3
Q

what are the disadvantages of the production and development of coal ? 7

A
  • greenhouse gases are emitted when the coal is burnt
  • mining for coal can be dangerous
  • burning coal releases harmful gases into the atmosphere causing air pollution
  • acid rain is produced
  • expensive to develop mines
  • waste heaps are left close to coal mines
  • open-cast mining significant impacts on surrounding environment
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4
Q

where is oil being developed ?

A

the Athabasca tar sands, Canada

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5
Q

what are the positive impacts on people of the development of oil ?

A

extracting resources and other jobs are linked to production process providing 514000 employees across Canada

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6
Q

what are the negative impacts on people of the development of oil ?

A
  • broken pipelines and leaks regularly cause spillages that are difficult to clean up
  • the spillages expose people to harmful chemicals
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7
Q

what are the negative impacts on the environment of the development of oil ?

A
  • refining of bitumen releases 5-15% more CO2 into the air

- increasing greenhouse gas emissions

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8
Q

how is natural gas (fracking) being developed ?

A

USA has largest shale deposits

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9
Q

what are the positive impacts on people of the development of gas ?

A

fracking has made fuel prices much cheaper in USA because energy does not need to be imported

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10
Q

what are the negative impacts on people of the development of gas ?

A

evidence to show that fracking has resulted in gas entering people’s homes

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11
Q

what are the positive impacts on the environment of the development of gas ?

A

producing and using natural gas releases approx 1/2 carbon emissions of coal

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12
Q

what are the negative impacts on the environment of the development of gas ?

A

chemicals used to release the shale gas may leak and contaminate water supplies

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13
Q

how is Uranium being developed ?

A

USA is leading nuclear energy producer

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14
Q

what are the positive impacts on people of the development of uranium ?

A

nuclear power plants when they are operational produce relatively cheap and reliable electricity

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15
Q

what are the negative impacts on people of the development of uranium ?

A

nuclear power plants are very dangerous and if become damaged there is potential for leaks of radioactive material into the atmosphere

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16
Q

what are the positive impacts on the environment of the development of uranium ?

A

nuclear power produces much less carbon dioxide than fossil fuels lower contribution to global warming

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17
Q

what are the negative impacts on the environment of the development of uranium ?

A

waste products of nuclear energy are highly radioactive and very difficult and expensive to manage safely

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18
Q

how is wind being developed ?

A

London Array off the coast of Ramsgate, Kent is the worlds larges offshore wind farm

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19
Q

what are the positive impacts on people of the development of wind ?

A

home owners can have their own wind turbine so will benefit directly from ‘free’ energy

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20
Q

what are the negative impacts on people of the development of wind ?

A

can be unsightly many people find them visually intrusive

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21
Q

what are the positive impacts on the environment of the development of wind ?

A

do not emit greenhouse gases once in use

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22
Q

what are the negative impacts on the environment of the development of wind ?

A

need a local wind speed of more than m per second to be viable

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23
Q

how is hydroelectric power (HEP) being developed ?

A

Parana River owned by Brazil and Paraguay provides 90% of Brazil’s energy

24
Q

what are the positive impacts on people of the development of HEP ?

A

reservoirs provide a water supply for areas that are located nearby

25
Q

what are the negative impacts on people of the development of HEP ?

A

reservoirs are usually in remote areas so people have to travel a long way to use the facilities

26
Q

what are the positive impacts on the environment of the development of HEP ?

A

less damaging to the environment as no greenhouse gases are produced

27
Q

what are the negative impacts on the environment of the development of HEP ?

A

large areas are flooded to create the water needed to drive the turbines will impact the flora and fauna of the area

28
Q

how is solar being developed ?

A

top three leading solar power producers are Germany, China and Italy. USA has the largest solar power plants

29
Q

what are the positive impacts on people of the development of solar power ?

A

have no running costs so are a cheap source of energy

30
Q

what are the negative impacts on people of the development of solar power ?

A

can be unsightly many people find them visually intrusive

31
Q

what are the positive impacts on the environment of the development of solar power ?

A

solar panels do not emit greenhouse gases once in use

32
Q

what are the negative impacts on the environment of the development of solar power ?

A

if put in fields they are taking up valuable space where food could be grown

33
Q

what are the main types of energy the UK produces ?

A
  • other - 2.5%
  • oil - 0.8%
  • coal - 6.8%
  • gas - 39.9%
  • hydro - 1.8%
  • solar - 3.6%
  • biomass - 9.2%
  • wind - 14.6%
  • nuclear - 20.8%
34
Q

how does population affect the type of the produced ?

A

increased population means more people need and are using the non-renewable energy resources

35
Q

how does wealth affect the type of the produced ?

A

more money means people can pay for the more expensive non-renewable energy resources but that also people are able to pay for the renewable energy resources

36
Q

how does availability of energy resources affect the type of the produced ?

A

if there are places with easier access to energy resources then more of those energy resources will be used

37
Q

how does supply/demand for energy change due to population ?

A

supply increases due to higher demand

38
Q

how does supply/demand for energy change due to wealth ?

A

supply increased due to more people being able to pay for it

39
Q

how does supply/demand for energy change due to technology advances ?

A

supply increases due better technology being able to extract more of the energy resources

40
Q

what is fracking ?

A

is process of drilling down into the earth to recover gas from shale rock. Water, sand and chemicals are blasted at high pressure which fracture the rock apart releasing the gas inside the rock layers

41
Q

how will fracking meet the energy demands ?

A

gets oil and gas but not the original way so will meet greenhouse gas emission targets

42
Q

what are individuals attitudes to energy to exploitation and consumption ? 3

A
  • more using energy efficient products generating renewable energy
  • some feel renewable energy is too expensive
  • living near proposes wind/solar parts may have concerns about visual impact
43
Q

what are organisations attitudes to energy to exploitation and consumption ? 5

A
  • many see importance of managing operations more sustainably
  • increased operating costs may be a problem for small companies
  • McDonalds is example of company that has taken steps towards energy resources management thoughts
  • reuse of cooking oil from restaurants as biodiesel in delivery lorries
  • replacing neon and filament bulb lighting with LED
44
Q

what are governments attitudes to energy to exploitation and consumption ? 3

A
  • world leaders’ conferences have set shared targets and measures for sustainability
  • UK and 195 other nations pledged to limit the increase in global temperatures to 2°C at UN Climate Change Summit including investing in low-carbon energy technologies
  • many countries are adopting and encoring citizens to use more sustainable transport systems
45
Q

what energy resources need managing ?

A

we need to find new renewable sources of energy and become more efficient

46
Q

what are the individuals views about managing energy ?

A
  • some have solar panels

- some don’t want solar/wind farms because they are unsightly

47
Q

what are the organisations views about managing energy ?

A
  • some companies use HEP as much as they can
  • some believe that if all homes were constructed with energy efficiency in mind less energy would be consumed so better for future generations
48
Q

what are the governments views about managing energy ?

A
  • know they cannot keep using energy resources in the way that we are today
  • there will be none left for future generations
  • need more sustainable approach and manage resources we have left
49
Q

what is the name of the developed country ?

A

Norway

50
Q

what is the name of the emerging country ?

A

Bhutan

51
Q

what are the energy issues in Norway ?

A
  • they are the world’s 6th largest exporter of oil and second largest exporter of gas
  • have vast reserves of oil and gas under the North Sea
52
Q

what are they doing to manage energy in Norway ?

A
  • Enova SF is an organisation that is run and funded by the government to promote energy savings in Norway
  • Norwegian government has set a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% and to increase renewable energy share of total energy consumption to 67.5% by 2020
  • wind power is now being used to develop and 8 new wind farms are to be built onshore
53
Q

how sustainable are the schemes they are using in Norway ?

A

they are sustainable because they work over a long period of time and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and save non-renewable energy resources

54
Q

what are the energy issues in Bhutan ?

A

has no oil reserves of oil or gas so oil is imported

55
Q

what are they doing to manage energy in Bhutan ?

A
  • have developed HEP as an energy source
  • Asian Bank has provided money to build dams and construct the grids to improve the electricity supply to rural ares of Bhutan
  • energy conservation policy - help households to conserve energy so less energy will be required
  • electric cars - Nissan is to supply the government and a fleet of taxis with an electric car called ‘Nissan Leaf’ reducing need for fossil fuels
  • alternative renewable energy policy - encourage use of wind, solar, biomass and small, micro-hydropower system that will stop country relying on HEP
56
Q

how sustainable are the schemes they are using in Bhutan ?

A

sustainable because it is reducing the need for fossil fuels and non-renewable energy resources

Geography (20 decks)

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