U4 AOS2 Promoting global health (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Tabitha foundation Cambodia: Water source program

A

Provides safe, clean, and reliable water. The dry seasons of Cambodia leave Cambodians without clean water for up to 6 months, therefore this program builds three types of wells, with the well chosen depending on the type and quality of water available. Water scarcity in dry seasons causing food insecurity, and typically water is at a 3km distance. The provision of a well means that families can send children to school, attend to their crops and sell excess produce such as tomatoes even in the dry season generating income.

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2
Q

Tabitha foundation Cambodia: House building program

A

Encourages volunteer teams to travel to Cambodia to build houses for very poor families. Community elders help the Tabitha staff to choose the neediest families who own land where the house will be built and contribute a small amount towards building materials. This program is continuously beneficial as builders are able to earn income by working which helps to break the cycle of poverty, and a safe house and access to clear water provides protection and sanitation thus improving health and wellbeing.

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3
Q

List the types of aid

A

Bilateral, multilateral, and humanitarian or emergency aid;

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4
Q

Define emergency aid

A

The rapid assistance given to people or countries in immediate distress to relive suffering, during and after human-made emergencies such as wars and natural disasters (such as a flood, tsunami, or earthquake).

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5
Q

What is the purpose of emergency aid?

A

To provide immediate relief in the area to effectively address needs by seeking to save lives, reduce suffering by meeting the needs of those affected.

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6
Q

Provide examples of emergency aid

A

Medical and emergency personnel, sanitation, medicine, food, clean water, and or temporary shelter.

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7
Q

Outline the characteristics of emergency aid

A

A short-term, rapid solution providing an immediate and initial response to ensure that the needs of those affected can be met through the provision of basic supplies.

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8
Q

Outline the strengths and limitations of emergency aid

A

S: Provides immediate relief, and ensures basic needs are met.

L: Rarely addresses long-term health issues, or the underlying cause of the health issues present, therefore it becomes unable to be a sustainable in the long-term.

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9
Q

Define bilateral aid

A

Aid that is given by the government of one country directly to the government of another country that usually happens between high-and low-income countries.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of bilateral aid?

A

To work with and provide other countries with the assistance they need to promote health and wellbeing at a sustainable economic growth and prosperity level through a consultative process. It builds relationships between countries to form strategic and political trade partnerships.

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11
Q

Provide examples of bilateral aid

A

At a small scale this can include immunization programs, and at a large scale this can include improving water supply through the provision of dams or irrigation systems.

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12
Q

Outline the characteristics of bilateral aid

A

A long-term focus on development that includes the provision of essential infrastructure such as providing electricity, improving water supplies, it has a focus on education such as building schools, or building civil society such as providing governance and support.

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13
Q

Outline the strengths and limitations of bilateral aid

A

S: Provides investments for projects which would otherwise have not been possible, and when aid is provided from one government to another it strengthens responsible and accountable government.

L: It may focus on urban areas and neglect rural villages where aid is mostly needed, and it may be taken by corrupt officials and redirected for their own use. Additionally, the goods and services provided to the receiving country are often products of the companies from the donating country, thereby favouring the economy of that country.

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14
Q

Define multilateral aid

A

Combines donations from international organizations such as the WHO, the UN or the World Bank and from a number of high-income countries and then distributes them to the recipients, who are usually middle- and low-income countries.

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15
Q

Outline the purpose of multilateral aid

A

Large-scale programs focused on global health nd wellbeing, and sustainable development. To reach and impact the lives of many lives. Provided to those most in need.

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16
Q

Provide examples of multilateral aid

A

Medical programs such as large-scale vaccinations to reduce the burden of disease such as polio.

17
Q

Outline the characteristics of multilateral aid

A

Provided by international organisations such as the UN or World Bank, and it is funded by donations from a number of countries.

18
Q

Outline the strengths and limitations of multilateral aid

A

S: Encourages cooperation and goodwill between nations, and due to combined funds, and greater impact is able to be generated enabling larger projects are able to be achieved.

L: Bureaucracy can delay funds from arriving, and it can be less cost effective as up to 30% is spent on administration costs.

19
Q

Gender equality and empowering women and girls

A

Addressing the core issues such as gender equality and women’s empowerment that if abolished will lead to security, stability, and full health and wellbeing especially seen in the Indo-Pacific region.

20
Q

Examples of Australia’s work in gender equality and empowering women and girls

A

Working with women and girls who have been the victims of violence, providing counselling and support, emergency housing and legal advice, in countries such as Papua New Guinea or Fiji.

21
Q

Infrastructure trade facilitation and international competitiveness

A

Australia’s commitment to addressing the needs of inadequate infrastructure that affects trade opportunities and international competitiveness. Infrastructure such as reliable roads, energy, and transport all have the ability to foster sustainable economic growth and trade and investment opportunities.

22
Q

Examples of Australia’s work in Infrastructure trade facilitation and international competitiveness

A

A focus on roads, including maintenance of existing roads and the construction of new roads, rail and airports. Microfinance to support the development of new businesses.

23
Q

Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies

A

Australia’s investment in building governance systems that positively influence the ability of governments to develop and implement good policy that allow citizens to have access to basic services to flourish therefore having a direct role in promoting stability and peace, encouraging economic growth, and poverty reduction.

24
Q

Examples of Australia’s work in effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies

A

Increasing women’s leadership roles and political participation in municipal councils in Vanuatu.

25
Q

Education and health

A

Help individuals to overcome poverty and realise their full potential. A decent standard of living, improved livelihoods by sending children to school are all components in this priority area. With women, and disability impaired people at a greater disadvantage, Australia’s priority allows for the core investments in water, sanitation, and basic nutrition in health, improving health outcomes.

26
Q

Examples of Australia’s work in health

A

The successful training of midwives in Cambodia, to improve their capacity to provide quality reproductive, maternal, and neonatal health services. Investing in the development of new drugs and diagnostic tools for malaria and tuberculosis.

27
Q

Examples of Australia’s work in education

A

Supporting teacher training, curriculum reform and improved learning assessment. Providing Australian Award scholarships that enable people from and low-and-middle income countries to study in Australia within their region, build industry network to contribute to economic and social development.

28
Q

Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk-reduction and social protection

A

When the impact of a disaster exceeds a country’s capacity to respond, Australia in line with their global responsibilities to the Indo-pacific, has made the commitment to respond effectively to humanitarian disaster such as climate related disasters such as floods, cyclones, or tsunamis. It becomes important as humanitarian crises undermine growth and gains made in improving development.

29
Q

Examples of Australia’s work in building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk-reduction and social protection

A

Sending highly trained staff from its Crisis Response Team (CRT) to provide essential humanitarian support such as medical care with team members having a high level of expertise in humanitarian response.

30
Q

Agriculture, fisheries, and water

A

Low-and-middle income countries rely on productive agriculture such as sustainable farming and fishing practices for employment and income, empowering women and lifting people out of poverty. Water resources are also critical as competing demands for water grow.

31
Q

Examples of Australia’s work in agriculture, fisheries, and water

A

Through the ‘Grow Asia’ partnership, this strengthens markets through helping to increase small-scale farmers and fishers participation in emerging regional and global markets encourages private sector investments with an emphasis on women’s economic empowerment.

32
Q

Describe ethical purchasing as a method of social action

A

Making conscious decisions to purchase ethical and fair products, such using individual purchasing power to buy products that support actions to promote social groups, where the profits can be used to bring about social change.

33
Q

Justify the importance of ethical purchasing

A

Ensures vulnerable famers and workers are not being exploited through avoiding products made by companies that are not manufacturing with social conscience, individuals can impact their profits and encourage change in their practices.

34
Q

Describe donations: time, money and things as a method of social action

A

As an individual, you can donate time, money or resources (such as clothing) to communities and organizations, or volunteer your time to work that will promote health and wellbeing.

35
Q

Justify the importance of donations: time, money, and things

A

Donating, fundraising or giving of time and resources can enable the development of vital resources for the most vulnerable populations. Individuals can volunteer their time to assist in raising funds or be part of a volunteer program designed to improve the lives of others and their communities. Individuals can donate money to non-government organizations (NGO) to help them continue the work they do in low- and middle-income countries

36
Q

Describe think sustainably and don’t waste (thinking sustainably), as a method of social action

A

Live within your means and think about what you truly need rather than what you want.