U3 AOS1 Understanding HWB (1) Flashcards
Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.
Wellbeing
A complex combination of all dimensions of health characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable, and engaged.
Illness
The experience of feeling unwell or being in poor health, often due to disease or injury.
Dynamic
The act of changing or moving continually in response to environment and experiences.
Subjective
Influenced by or based on a person’s personal feelings, opinions and experiences.
Physical health and well-being
Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems. It includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks. For example, engaging in regular physical activity, consumption of a balanced diet, having appropriate rest and sleep, maintaining ideal body weight, and the absence of illness, disease, or injury.
Social health and wellbeing
Relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations. It also includes the level of support provided by family and within a community to ensure that every person has an equal opportunity to function as a contributing member of society. Social health and well-being are supported by strong communication skills, empathy for others and a sense of personal responsibility.
Emotional health and wellbeing
Relates to the ability to express feelings in a positive way. It is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions as well as the ability to display resilience. Emotional health and wellbeing are the degree to which you feel emotionally secure and relaxed in everyday life.
Mental health and wellbeing
The current state of well-being relates to the mind or brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information. A mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic. Mental health and well-being are about the wellness of the mind rather than illness. Mental health and well-being are associated with low levels of stress and anxiety, positive self-esteem, as well as a sense of confidence and optimism.
Spiritual health and wellbeing
Not material in nature but relates to ideas, beliefs, values, and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. It includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on your place in the world. Spiritual health and wellbeing can be highly individualised; for example, in some spiritual traditions, it may relate to organised religion, higher power and prayer, while in other practices, it can relate to morals, values, a sense of purpose in life, connection or belonging.
Describe how optimal health and wellbeing is a resource individually
Optimal health and wellbeing can be an individual resource by increasing individual life expectancy, increasing the ability to maintain independent living in older age, and reducing medical costs due to illness, allowing individuals to maximise income as a resource.
Describe how optimal health and wellbeing is a resource nationally
Optimal health and wellbeing can benefit a country as there are benefits of reduced monetary expenditure associated with treating or diagnosing illness, a healthy population helps to build a productive workforce for Australia increasing national income, and less reliance on social security.
Describe how optimal health and wellbeing is a resource globally
Optimal health and wellbeing globally is beneficial as it decreased the emergence or re-emergence of an infectious disease or other health threat somewhere in the world, which can cross borders. It can decrease the vulnerability of older people to non-communicable chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes etc). Finally, it can result in an increase in people’s ability to engage freely in economic pursuits worldwide, thereby increasing global economic activity and productivity.
Self-assessed health status
An overall measure of a population’s health based on a person’s own perceptions of their health. Health is rated using 5 levels of excellent, very good, good, fair and poor.
Life expectancy
An indication of how long a person can expect to live. It is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.
Health adjusted life-expectancy (HALE)
The number of years in full health (free of disease or disability) that a person can expect to live based on current rates of ill-health and mortality, if death rates do not change.
Mortality
The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness, or another environmental factor.
Mortality rate
A mortality rate is a measure of the frequency with which a population dies as a result of a specific disease or illness over a specific period of time.
Infant mortality
Refers to the number of deaths among children aged under one year in a given period.
Infant mortality rate
The infant mortality rate is based on the probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of one year. It is measured per 1000 live births for that period of time.
Under-5 mortality
The deaths of children before their fifth birthday.
Under-5 mortality rate
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.
Maternal mortality
The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days (six weeks) of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.
Morbidity
Refers to the occurrence of disease, illness, disability, or injury in an individual or the levels of disease, illness, disability or injury in a population or group.
Burden of disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specially it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. It is measured in a unit called the DALY.
Years of life lost (YLL)
The fatal burden of disease of a population, defined as the years of potential life lost due to death.
Years lost due to disability (YLD)
The non-fatal component of the burden of disease that is a measurement of the healthy years lost due to diseases or injuries.
Incidence
A term used to measure morbidity date and is the number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time (how many new cases).
Prevelence
A term used to measure morbidity date and is the total number of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time (the total number of cases).
Disability-adjusted life year (DALY)
A measure of the burden of disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease, or injury. DALY = YLL + YLD;
Optimal health and wellbeing
The best possible state of an individual’s health and wellbeing that a person can realistically achieve for their age is referred to as optimal health and wellbeing. It is defined by the sum of all five aspects of health and wellbeing.
Health status
An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability, and levels of disease risk factors.
Disability
An impairment of a body structure or function that results in a limitation in activities or a restriction in participation.
Prerequisites for health
The fundamental conditions and resources that provide a secure foundation for health and wellbeing.
List the 8 prerequisites of health
Peace, shelter, social justice and equity, sustainable resources, stable ecosystems, food, education, and income.
