U3 AOS1 Understanding HWB (1)

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.

Question 2

Wellbeing

Answer 2

A complex combination of all dimensions of health characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable, and engaged.

Question 3

Illness

Answer 3

The experience of feeling unwell or being in poor health, often due to disease or injury.

Question 4

Dynamic

Answer 4

The act of changing or moving continually in response to environment and experiences.

Question 5

Subjective

Answer 5

Influenced by or based on a person’s personal feelings, opinions and experiences.

Question 6

Physical health and well-being

Answer 6

Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems. It includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks. For example, engaging in regular physical activity, consumption of a balanced diet, having appropriate rest and sleep, maintaining ideal body weight, and the absence of illness, disease, or injury.

Question 7

Social health and wellbeing

Answer 7

Relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations. It also includes the level of support provided by family and within a community to ensure that every person has an equal opportunity to function as a contributing member of society. Social health and well-being are supported by strong communication skills, empathy for others and a sense of personal responsibility.

Question 8

Emotional health and wellbeing

Answer 8

Relates to the ability to express feelings in a positive way. It is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions as well as the ability to display resilience. Emotional health and wellbeing are the degree to which you feel emotionally secure and relaxed in everyday life.

Question 9

Mental health and wellbeing

Answer 9

The current state of well-being relates to the mind or brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information. A mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic. Mental health and well-being are about the wellness of the mind rather than illness. Mental health and well-being are associated with low levels of stress and anxiety, positive self-esteem, as well as a sense of confidence and optimism.

Question 10

Spiritual health and wellbeing

Answer 10

Not material in nature but relates to ideas, beliefs, values, and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. It includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on your place in the world. Spiritual health and wellbeing can be highly individualised; for example, in some spiritual traditions, it may relate to organised religion, higher power and prayer, while in other practices, it can relate to morals, values, a sense of purpose in life, connection or belonging.

Question 11

Describe how optimal health and wellbeing is a resource individually

Answer 11

Optimal health and wellbeing can be an individual resource by increasing individual life expectancy, increasing the ability to maintain independent living in older age, and reducing medical costs due to illness, allowing individuals to maximise income as a resource.

Question 12

Describe how optimal health and wellbeing is a resource nationally

Answer 12

Optimal health and wellbeing can benefit a country as there are benefits of reduced monetary expenditure associated with treating or diagnosing illness, a healthy population helps to build a productive workforce for Australia increasing national income, and less reliance on social security.

Question 13

Describe how optimal health and wellbeing is a resource globally

Answer 13

Optimal health and wellbeing globally is beneficial as it decreased the emergence or re-emergence of an infectious disease or other health threat somewhere in the world, which can cross borders. It can decrease the vulnerability of older people to non-communicable chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes etc). Finally, it can result in an increase in people’s ability to engage freely in economic pursuits worldwide, thereby increasing global economic activity and productivity.

Question 14

Self-assessed health status

Answer 14

An overall measure of a population’s health based on a person’s own perceptions of their health. Health is rated using 5 levels of excellent, very good, good, fair and poor.

Question 15

Life expectancy

Answer 15

An indication of how long a person can expect to live. It is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.

Question 16

Health adjusted life-expectancy (HALE)

Answer 16

The number of years in full health (free of disease or disability) that a person can expect to live based on current rates of ill-health and mortality, if death rates do not change.

Question 17

Mortality

Answer 17

The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness, or another environmental factor.

Question 18

Mortality rate

Answer 18

A mortality rate is a measure of the frequency with which a population dies as a result of a specific disease or illness over a specific period of time.

Question 19

Infant mortality

Answer 19

Refers to the number of deaths among children aged under one year in a given period.

Question 20

Infant mortality rate

Answer 20

The infant mortality rate is based on the probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of one year. It is measured per 1000 live births for that period of time.

Question 21

Under-5 mortality

Answer 21

The deaths of children before their fifth birthday.

Question 22

Under-5 mortality rate

Answer 22

The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.

Question 23

Maternal mortality

Answer 23

The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days (six weeks) of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.

Question 24

Morbidity

Answer 24

Refers to the occurrence of disease, illness, disability, or injury in an individual or the levels of disease, illness, disability or injury in a population or group.

Question 25

Burden of disease

Answer 25

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specially it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. It is measured in a unit called the DALY.

Question 26

Years of life lost (YLL)

Answer 26

The fatal burden of disease of a population, defined as the years of potential life lost due to death.

Question 27

Years lost due to disability (YLD)

Answer 27

The non-fatal component of the burden of disease that is a measurement of the healthy years lost due to diseases or injuries.

Question 28

Incidence

Answer 28

A term used to measure morbidity date and is the number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time (how many new cases).

Question 29

Prevelence

Answer 29

A term used to measure morbidity date and is the total number of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time (the total number of cases).

Question 30

Disability-adjusted life year (DALY)

Answer 30

A measure of the burden of disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease, or injury. DALY = YLL + YLD;

Question 31

Optimal health and wellbeing

Answer 31

The best possible state of an individual’s health and wellbeing that a person can realistically achieve for their age is referred to as optimal health and wellbeing. It is defined by the sum of all five aspects of health and wellbeing.

Question 32

Health status

Answer 32

An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability, and levels of disease risk factors.

Question 33

Disability

Answer 33

An impairment of a body structure or function that results in a limitation in activities or a restriction in participation.

Question 34

Prerequisites for health

Answer 34

The fundamental conditions and resources that provide a secure foundation for health and wellbeing.

Question 35

List the 8 prerequisites of health

Answer 35

Peace, shelter, social justice and equity, sustainable resources, stable ecosystems, food, education, and income.