U3 AOS2 Topic 5 Changes in Australias Health Status

Question 1

What is the life expectancy for males in Australia in 2022?

Answer 1

81.2 years

This reflects a significant increase from 53.8 years in 1900.

Question 2

What is the life expectancy for females in Australia in 2022?

Answer 2

85.3 years

This is an increase from 57.5 years in 1900.

Question 3

What trend has been observed in mortality rates in Australia over time?

Answer 3

Decreased significantly

This trend is linked to improvements in health status.

Question 4

What major factor has contributed to the improvement in health status in Australia?

Answer 4

Decline in infant and under-5 mortality rates

This decline has significantly impacted overall life expectancy.

Question 5

Since 1900, how have the patterns of diseases responsible for deaths changed?

Answer 5

They have changed significantly

This includes shifts in the types of diseases and conditions.

Question 6

List the five broad categories of diseases and conditions responsible for deaths.

Answer 6

• Infectious and parasitic diseases
• Cancers (neoplasms)
• Injury and poisoning
• Respiratory diseases
• Cardiovascular diseases

These categories reflect the major health challenges over time.

Question 8

What were the most common causes of death in Australia in the first part of the twentieth century?

Answer 8

Infectious and parasitic diseases contributed to 13 per cent of all deaths.

Question 9

What living conditions contributed to outbreaks of diseases in early twentieth century Australia?

Answer 9

Poor living conditions.

Question 10

Which diseases had the greatest impact on children in early twentieth century Australia?

Answer 10

• Diarrhoea
• Cholera
• Smallpox
• Polio
• Tuberculosis
• Measles
• Whooping cough
• Diphtheria

Question 11

What interventions contributed to the significant decrease in deaths caused by infectious and parasitic diseases over time?

Answer 11

• Provision of safe water
• Sanitation
• Mass vaccination programs
• Improvements in nutrition
• Improvements in education

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Living conditions in early twentieth century Australia were _______.

Answer 12

[poor]

Question 13

True or False: Infectious and parasitic diseases were a minor cause of death in Australia in the early twentieth century.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What trend did cancer death rates follow throughout the twentieth century?

Answer 14

Increased throughout the century, peaking in the mid-1980s before gradually falling.

This trend reflects various factors, including smoking rates and medical advancements.

Question 15

What was a significant cause of the rise in cancer death rates in the early twentieth century?

Answer 15

Increase in lung cancer due to high rates of cigarette smoking in the 1920s.

Cigarette smoking was prevalent and contributed to lung cancer cases.

Question 16

What role did advances in medical technology play in cancer mortality rates?

Answer 16

Assisted in decreasing mortality rates due to cancer through early detection.

Early detection methods have been crucial in improving patient outcomes.

Question 17

Which types of cancers have seen reductions in both incidence and mortality rates?

Answer 17

Breast, bowel, and cervical cancers.

These reductions are attributed to improved screening and treatment options.

Question 18

What are two major types of cardiovascular diseases mentioned?

Answer 18

Coronary heart disease and stroke

These have been significant causes of death since 1900.

Question 19

When did death rates from cardiovascular diseases peak?

Answer 19

Mid-1960s

This period marked the highest death rates for cardiovascular diseases.

Question 20

What trend has been observed in death rates from cardiovascular diseases since the mid-1960s?

Answer 20

Decline in death rates

Despite the decline, cardiovascular diseases remain a major cause of death.

Question 21

True or False: Cardiovascular diseases are no longer a major cause of death in Australia.

Answer 21

False

They continue to be one of the major causes of death.

Question 22

Since what year have cardiovascular diseases been recognized as major causes of death?

Answer 22

1900

This marks the beginning of significant data on cardiovascular diseases.

Question 23

What are some examples of respiratory diseases?

Answer 23

COVID-19, pneumonia, influenza, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

These diseases affect the respiratory system and can lead to significant health issues.

Question 24

Which two diseases contributed to death rates due to respiratory diseases in 1900?

Answer 24

Pneumonia and influenza were a leading cause of death in the 1900s

These diseases were prevalent and lethal due to limited medical interventions at the time.

Question 25

What factors assisted in decreasing mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases?

Answer 25

Provision of safe drinking water, sanitation, mass vacination programmes, improved education and nutrition. ## Footnote These interventions led to a gradual decrease in mortality rates over time

Question 26

What contributed to high death rates from respiratory diseases between 2020 and 2023?

Answer 26

Death rates from COVID-19 ## Footnote The pandemic significantly impacted overall mortality rates due to respiratory conditions.

Question 27

In what year did COVID-19 enter the top five leading causes of death in Australia?

Answer 27

2022 ## Footnote This was the first time in more than 50 years that an infectious disease was the leading cause of death in Australia

Question 28

True or False: COVID-19 was the first infectious disease to be a leading cause of death in Australia in over 50 years.

Answer 28

True ## Footnote This indicates a shift in health trends and the impact of the pandemic.

Question 29

What are the main causes of deaths from injury and poisoning?

Answer 29

Motor vehicle accidents, other accidents, suicide, assault, poisoning, drowning, burns, falls, complications from medical and surgical care.

Question 30

By how much have death rates from injury and poisoning changed since 1900?

Answer 30

More than halved for both males and females.

Question 31

When did the most rapid decline in death rates from injury and poisoning occur?

Answer 31

From the 1970s.

Question 32

What public health actions contributed to the decrease in death rates from injury and poisoning?

Answer 32

Compulsory wearing of seatbelts introduced in 1970, workplace safety regulations.

Question 33

True or False: Death rates from injury and poisoning have increased since 1900.

Answer 33

False.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: Deaths from injury and poisoning include complications from _______.

Answer 34

[medical and surgical care].

Question 35

List three types of accidents that contribute to deaths from injury and poisoning.

Answer 35

* Motor vehicle accidents * Drowning * Falls

Question 36

What is public health?

Question 37

How did poor living conditions in the 1900s contribute to disease?

Question 38

What was ‘old’ public health?

Question 39

What were the primary aims of ‘old’ public health initiatives?

Question 40

How did government interventions help reduce the spread of disease in the 1900s?

Question 41

Why is public health still important today?

Question 42

Old public health initiatives were primarily aimed at treating chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease.

Answer 42

False (They were focused on preventing infectious diseases through environmental improvements.)

Question 43

Public health focuses on ________________, ________________, and ________________ health status while preventing disease.

Answer 43

monitoring, regulating, promoting