Factors Influencing Health Status: Nutritional Imbalances (Low Fibre) U3 AOS1 Flashcards
Q: Where is fibre found?
A: In all foods of plant origin.
Q: Does the body absorb fibre?
A: No, fibre is not absorbed by the body.
Q: How does fibre help with weight management?
A: It promotes feelings of fullness (satiety), reducing overeating and the risk of obesity.
Q: How does fibre benefit the digestive system?
A: It adds bulk to faeces and helps keep the digestive system clean, reducing the risk of colon and rectal cancer.
Q: How does fibre help lower cholesterol?
A: It attaches to LDL cholesterol in the digestive system and helps excrete it, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Q: How does fibre help prevent type 2 diabetes?
A: It slows glucose absorption, helping regulate blood sugar levels.
Q: How can consuming fruit and vegetables help with weight management? |
A: They replace energy-dense foods reducing the risk of overweight and obesity
Q: How does the fibre in fruit and vegetables help prevent weight gain?
A: Fibre promotes satiety (fullness) reducing the likelihood of overeating.
Q: What are antioxidants, where are they found and how do they benefit health? |
Antioxidants are found in fruits and vegetables and it reduce the impact of free radicals and the reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality due to conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Q: How does low fruit and vegetable intake before and during pregnancy impact health?
A: It can lead to low folate levels increasing the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida.
Q: What are dairy foods?
A: Animal milk and products made from animal milk such as cheese and yoghurt.
Q: How does low dairy intake affect bone health?
A: It can lead to low calcium levels increasing the risk of brittle bones and osteoporosis.
Q: How does calcium contribute to dental health?
A: It helps harden tooth enamel reducing the risk of dental caries. Thus low intake can cause dental caries
Q: How does excessive fat consumption affect body weight?
A: It can lead to overweight and obesity increasing the risk of associated conditions.
Q: How do saturated and trans fats affect glucose regulation?
A: They alter cell membranes interfering with glucose transport and increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose.
Q: How does excessive intake of saturated and trans fats increase the risk of colorectal cancer even in those with a healthy body weight?
A: They can cause changes in the digestive system that increases inflammation, resulting in increased cell division and the risk of cancer
Q: What is LDL cholesterol and why is it called “bad” cholesterol? |
A: LDL cholesterol deposits on blood vessel walls narrowing arteries and restricting blood flow.
Q: How does atherosclerosis develop? |
A: LDL cholesterol deposits allow other substances like calcium to embed causing hardening and narrowing of the arteries.
Q: How does atherosclerosis affect the heart? |
A: It makes the heart work harder and can eventually cut off blood supply leading to cardiovascular disease.
Q: What fats are known to increase LDL cholesterol levels?
A: Saturated and trans fats also known as ‘bad’ fats.
What is the underlying cause of many cardiovascular disease?
Atherosclerosis
Q: What is one of the main components of salt?
A: Sodium.
Q: How does high sodium intake affect blood pressure and rates of hypertension?
A: It draws fluid out of the cells into the bloodstream increasing blood volume (the amount of blood in blood vessels), which puts strain on the heart contributing to rates of hypertension and increasing blood pressure
Q: How does excess sodium contribute to heart failure? |
A: It increases blood volume and hypertension forcing the heart to work harder. Heart failure can occur if the heart can’t meet the body’s demand.
Q: How does excess sodium affect bone health? |
A: It causes calcium to be excreted through urine leading to bone demineralisation and increasing the risk of osteoporosis.
How does excess sodium intake affect the risk of stroke and heart attack? |
A: It causes hypertension, which contributes to higher rates of stroke and heart attack.
Q: What happens if sugar is consumed in excess? |
A: It is converted and stored as adipose issue leading to weight gain, overweight, obesity and associated conditions
Q: How does sugar contribute to dental issues?
A: Sugar feeds bacteria in the mouth which produce acids that can contribute to the decay of tooth enamel and the development of dental caries.
