Health Status U3 AOS1 Flashcards
What is health status?
An individual’s or population’s overall level of health, measured using indicators like life expectancy, mortality, and morbidity.
What are health indicators?
Standard statistics used to measure and compare health status, such as life expectancy, mortality rates, and morbidity rates
Why is collecting health status data important?
A measure of health based on an individual’s own perception of their wellbeing.
How is self-assessed health status data collected?
Through population surveys where individuals rate their health according to one of the five levels
excellent
very good
good
fair
poor
Why is self-assessed health status useful?
It provides insight into how people feel about their health across all dimensions, including physical, social, emotional, mental, and spiritual health.
What is an example of a health intervention based on health status data?
A national vaccination program to reduce disease prevalence.
What is Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy
Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) refers to the number of years a person can expect to live in full health, considering both life expectancy at birth and time spent in poor health due to illness or disability. It also considers the current rate of ill health and mortality
What is mortality?
Refers to death, particularly at a population level
Define mortality rates
An indication of how many deaths occurred in a population in a given period for a specific cause/all causes.
Usually presented per 100,000 population in a 12 month period.
Define Infant mortality rate
The rate of deaths of infants before their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births.
Define Under 5 Mortality Rate
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.
Why are infant and under-5 mortality rates good indicators of overall community wellbeing?
Because higher survival rates in children reflect adequate income, access to food, clean water, shelter, and healthcare in a community.
Define maternal mortality rate
The number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy, childbirth or associated treatment per 100 000 women who give birth (or per 100 000 live births).
Define morbidity
Refers to ill-health in an individual and the levels of ill-health in a population or group
Define incidence
The number or rate of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period
Define prevalence
The total number of cases of a disease or condition present in a population at a given time.
What is burden of disease?
Burden of disease measures the total impact of diseases and injuries on a population, it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal scenario where everyone lives a long life free from illness and injury.
How is burden of disease measured?
In DALY
What is DALY
Disability-adjusted life years
1 DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
How is DALY calculated?
YLL (Years of life lost) + YLD (Years lived with disability) = DALY
What is years of life lost?
A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
What is years of live lived with disability?
1 YLD is equal to one year of healthy life lost due to living with the negative impacts of disease, injury or disability.
Give an example of YLL
If a person dies 20 years before their predicted life expectancy (81) then they have contributed 20 YLL. This means the person died at age 61 instead.
What are the fatal and non-fatal components?
YLL is the fatal component
YLD is the non-fatal component
