Factors and population groups (Biological Factors) U3 AOS1 Flashcards
Q: How do overweight and obesity affect biological factors? |
A: They influence other biological factors, as example obesity increase the likelihood of developing high blood pressure high blood cholesterol and paired glucose
Q: How does excess weight impact heart health?
A: It places excess strain on the heart, increasing blood pressure, contributing to hypertension which increases the incidence of heart attack and stroke.
Q: How do overweight and obesity contribute to cancer risk? |
A: They increase inflammation and hormone production contributing to high prevalence of many cancers such as liver, breast and colorectal cancer.
Q: How is overweight and obesity related to type 2 diabetes?
A: They increase the impact of impaired glucose regulation contributing to a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes
Q: How does excess body weight affect respiratory health?
A: It increases the incidence of respiratory conditions such as sleep apnoea, It also increases the risk of developing asthma in children.
Q: How does overweight and obesity impact joint health? |
A: They place greater strain on joints increasing the prevalence of osteoarthritis.
Q: What is fatty liver disease and how is it linked to overweight and obesity?
A: Fatty liver disease is when fat accumulates in the liver impairing its functions and potentially leading to cirrhosis and liver failure.
Q: What are the mental health impacts of overweight and obesity?
A: They can lead to social exclusion discrimination
Q: How does overweight and obesity affect social interactions?
A: People may avoid social activities like going to the beach
Q: How does sleep apnoea from overweight and obesity affect physical and spiritual wellbeing?
A: It leads to disturbed sleep causing fatigue and affecting activities like maintaining meaningful employment (spiritual).
Q: How does the pressure on joints from overweight and obesity affect physical health?
A: It leads to significant pain and discomfort.
How does type 2 diabetes increase the risk of kidney disease?
The kidneys flush excess glucose out of the blood, thus people who experience higher rates of overweight and obesity could also get kidney disease
Q: At what rate do body systems decline after reaching their peak?
A: Around 1–2% per year, beginning in the mid-20s to mid-30s.
Q: Why does ageing increase the risk of disease?
A: Due to the accumulation of years of cellular damage.
Q: How does ageing affect physical fitness?
A: It decreases fitness and aerobic capacity, limiting the ability to complete endurance activities.
Q: What impact does ageing have on bone health?
A: Reduced bone density increases the risk of fractures.
Q: How can chronic disease in older age affect social wellbeing?
A: It may reduce quality of relationships and make it harder to stay socially connected.
Q: What mental health impact can chronic disease have on older adults?
A: It may lead to negative thought patterns, affecting mental wellbeing.
Q: How does ageing affect cognitive function?
A: It reduces the ability to problem solve, impacting mental health and wellbeing.
Q: What emotional strength is often seen in older people?
A: Greater proficiency at identifying and managing emotions due to more life experiences.
Q: What is the medical term for high blood pressure?
A: Hypertension.
Q: How does hypertension affect the heart?
A: It makes the heart work harder, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Q: What organ is most involved in blood pressure regulation?
A: The kidneys.
Q: How can hypertension lead to kidney damage?
A: Kidneys are responsible for regulating blood pressure and they filter the blood, thus hypertension can cause kidney failure.
Q:How does hypertension influence social health?
A: It can reduce social interactions and participation in regular activities.
Q: How does hypertension affect emotional health?
A: It may make it more difficult to manage emotions appropriately.
Q: How can hypertension affect spiritual wellbeing?
A: It may limit engagement in meaningful activities, hobbies, or careers which give people a sense of purpose.
What is LDL cholesterol and why is it considered harmful?
LDL is ‘bad’ cholesterol that can build up in blood vessels, causing atherosclerosis, increasing risk of heart attack, stroke, and vascular dementia.
How does high cholesterol affect the heart and brain?
It narrows blood vessels, making the heart work harder (leading to hypertension), and reduces blood to the brain, contributing to vascular dementia.
How can high cholesterol affect mental health and wellbeing?
It may cause restricted blood flow to the brain, interfering with cognitive function like memory and problem solving.
What physical symptoms can result from high cholesterol?
Pain in the heart area (angina) and gallstones, which can cause severe abdominal pain and fever.
What is impaired glucose regulation?
A condition where cells become resistant to insulin, preventing glucose absorption, often leading to type 2 diabetes.
How does impaired glucose regulation affect the body over time?
It damages blood vessels, affecting vision, gums, and feet, and increases the risk of kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.
What are the wellbeing impacts of impaired glucose regulation?
It can lower energy levels, reduce capacity for physical activity and social connection, and lead to emotional distress.
How might managing impaired glucose regulation impact mental health?
Managing diet and medication may cause stress, anxiety, or negative emotions, affecting emotional and mental wellbeing.
What aspects of health outcomes are influenced by genetics?
Sex, body type, hormone production, disease predisposition, and aspects of personality.
Why do some health conditions affect only one sex?
Biological differences due to genetics mean some diseases are exclusive or more common in one sex.
Can women get prostate or testicular cancer?
Can women get prostate or testicular cancer?
Can men get ovarian cancer?
No, ovarian cancer only occurs in females.
What is the role of oestrogen in bone health?
Oestrogen maintains bone density by keeping bones strong.
How does menopause affect the risk of osteoporosis?
During menopause, oestrogen levels decline, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.
How might oestrogen protect against cardiovascular disease?
It may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, partly explaining lower rates in women.
How does testosterone influence health behaviours?
It increases the likelihood of risk-taking, which can contribute to ill health.
What is the weight threshold for low birth weight?
Under 2.5 kilograms.
Why are babies with low birth weight more susceptible to infections?
Because they often have an underdeveloped immune system.
How does low birth weight relate to premature mortality?
It contributes to higher rates of premature death.
What are common disabilities associated with low birth weight?
Speech and learning disabilities.
What adult health concerns are linked to low birth weight?
High blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease.
How can low birth weight impact emotional development?
It may reduce emotional processing, leading to behavioural problems.
How does low birth weight affect spiritual health and wellbeing?
It can reduce engagement at school and sense of purpose.
What cognitive and motor issues are linked to low birth weight?
Developmental delays in thinking, logic, and motor skills.
How can low birth weight reduce social health?
By limiting physical activity and social interaction opportunities.
