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Pediatrics > U-World 4 > Flashcards

U-World 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is refeeeding syndrome

A

Carbohydrate intake stimulates insulin activity, promoting cellular uptake of PO4, K, and Mg
arrythmias and cardiopulmonary failure

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2
Q

Two things to order when DiGeorge is suspected

A

Serum calcium levels and Ekg

Hypocalemia from hypoplasia of the parathyroid gland

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3
Q

Children who suffers from selective mutism are

A

verbal and talkative at home but refuse to speak in specific settings

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4
Q

2 finger vs 3 finger pincer grasp development

A

3 fingers at 9 months

2 fingers at 1 year

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5
Q

Height and weight in first year

A

Weight should triple and height should increase by 50%

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6
Q

Complex partial seizure features

A

Brief episodes of impaired consciousness, failure to respond to stimuli during episodes, starting spells, and post-ictal confusion

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7
Q

Next step in girl with primary amenorrhea if FSH is decreased

A

pituitary MRI

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8
Q

Workup for all children with recurrent episodes of nocturnal vulvar itching

A

Examined for pinworms and treated empirically with mebendazole

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9
Q

HSP leads to increased risk of

A

ileo-ileal intussusception

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10
Q

Chronic constipation is a risk factor for what in toddlers

A

Recurrent cystitis

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11
Q

Treatment of clubfoot

A

Stretching and manipulation of the foot followed by serial casts

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12
Q

Pertussis ppx for contacts of sick

A

Macrolides (only azithro for those under 1 month)

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13
Q

KUB for jejunal atresia

A

‘Triple bubble’ and gasless colon

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14
Q

what is used for CF sweat test

A

quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis makes them sweat

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15
Q

Loss of cognitive functions post meningitis due to

A

Neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus

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16
Q

Postexposure rabies prophylaxis

A

Rabies Ig and vaccine

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17
Q

Features of hereditary angioedema

A

Rapid onset of edema of the face, acral extremities, genitals, trachea, and abdominal organs without urticaria
C1 inhibitor def

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18
Q

Who should get varicella Ig

A

Immunocompromised hosts who are asymptomatic and non-immune

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19
Q

Most common Ewing’s sarcoma sites

A

Metaphysis and diaphysis of femur, followed by tibia and humerus

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20
Q

Triad of cardiac tamponade

A

Distant heart sounds, distended jugular veins (or scalp veins in babies), hypotension

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21
Q

CXR of CHF

A

Increased pulmonary vascular congestion and interstitial edema

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22
Q

Bone age in centra precocious puberty

A

Advanced (greater than actual age)

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23
Q

NF1 and NF2 mutations

A

NF1: Neurofibromin on C 17
NF2: Merlin on C 22

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24
Q

NF1 most common brain tumor

A

Optic pathway glioma

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25
Q

ADA def results in

A

SCID (T cell def for viral and fungal issues)

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26
Q

When do patients with genetic B cell def begin to develop recurrent infections

A

After passing 6 months of age

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27
Q

Lack of what predisposes pt to Giardia

A

IgA

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28
Q

Gonococcal eye infection tx

A

IV ceftriaxone

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29
Q

Chlamydial eye infection tx

A

Oral erythromycin (also good for chlamydia pneumonia)

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30
Q

Def of what leads to Pellagra

A

Niacin (vit B3)

Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

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31
Q

What can riboflavin def cause

A

Cheilosis, glossitis, seborrheic dermaatitis

32
Q

How can B6 (cyanocobalamin def) cause thrombosis

A

By increasing serum homocysteine

33
Q

2-5 years drawing

A

2- copies a line
3- copies a circle
4- copes a square
5- copies a triangle

34
Q

First line Ab class for pertussis

A

Macrolides

35
Q

Gold standard for HIV testing from birth to 18 months

A

PCR

36
Q

Most viral meningitis cases in kids cause by

A

Echo and Coxsackievirus

37
Q

Acid base status of Iron poisoning

A

Anion-gap metabolic acidosis

38
Q

Angular cheilosis and glossitis seen with what def? CBC will show?

A

Riboflavin

CBC will show a normocytic anemia

39
Q

What does the knee chest position in a Tet spell do

A

Increases systemic vascular resistance (to overpower pulmonary vascular resistance)

40
Q

Large VSD murmur

A

Pansytolic loudest at left lower sternal border and diastolic rumble at the apex due to increased flow across the mitral valve

41
Q

Pineal gland tumor symptoms

A

Limited upward gaze, bilateral ptosis, and bilateral lid retraction
Also symptoms of ICP

42
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism signs

A

Apathy, hypotonia, large tongue, abdominal bloating, and umbilical hernia

43
Q

Meconium ileus is virtually diagnostic for? Features of

A

CF

Obstruction is at the ileum and is inspissated

44
Q

Drugs for absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide or valproate

45
Q

What are growing pains

A

Bilateral, lower extremity pains that occur at night in children 2-12 years old

46
Q

Presentation of spherocytosis

A

Hemolytic anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly

47
Q

Spherocytosis mutation

A

Ankyrin mutation causing spectrin deficiency

48
Q

Glomerular damage of HSP

A

Mesangial deposition of IgA

49
Q

Cat bite tx

A

5 day course of amoxicillin/clavulanate

50
Q

What should be done for any child with behavioral concerns

A

Hearing test

51
Q

MCC of acute unilateral lymphadenitis? Best tx?

A

S. aureus, followed by GAS

Clinda is the drug of choice (for MRSA coverage)

52
Q

Always consider what in any adolescent prescient with significant emotional or school changes

A

Substance abuse, sexual abuse, and pregnancy

53
Q

Two big suggesters for retropharyngeal abscess

A

Inability to extend neck

Widened prevertbral space on X-ray

54
Q

Retropharyngeal abscess bugs

A

Polymicrobial

55
Q

First two steps for newborn with diaphragmatic hernia

A

Endotracheal intubation

Gastric tube to decompress stomach and bowel

56
Q

Hep B risk for what renal disease

A

Membranous nephropathy

57
Q

Study to evaluate injury in chemical ingestions

A

Upper GI endoscopy

58
Q

Two types of breath holding spells? What is often associated with them

A

Cyanotic- crying followed by breath holding
Pallid- minor trauma followed by LOC
* Iron def anemia often seen with *

59
Q

What should be suspected in Down syndrome pt’s who present with upper motor neuron findings

A

Atlantoaxial instability (caused by excessive laxity in posterior transverse ligament)

60
Q

Dx of fanconis anemia? symptoms

A

Chromosomal breaks on genetic analysis
Congenital marrow failure, poor growth, macroctyic anemia
abnormal thumbs

61
Q

First step for workup in neonate with bilious emesis who is stable

A

Imaging (contrast enema)

62
Q

Two turners heart defects

A

Coarctation of aorta

Bicuspid aortic valve

63
Q

History of trauma to soft palate with foreign body can lead to

A

Internal carotid artery dissection

64
Q

In SS, acute severe anemia with low or absent reticulocytes c/w?

A

Aplastic crisis

65
Q

Serum labs of RTA? Tx?

A

low serum HCO3 and hyperchloremia (normal anion gap acidosis)
Tx is oral bicarb replacement

66
Q

Beckwith-Widedemann syndrome features

A

Macrosomia, macroglossia, hemihpyerplasia and abdominal wall defects

67
Q

BWS newborns monitored for?risks later?

A

Monitored for hypoglycemia

Risk of Wilm’s tumor and hepatoblastoma

68
Q

Cri-du-chat syndrome mutation

A

Deletion of 5p

69
Q

Edwards syndrome features

A

Microcephaly, prominent occupy, micrognathia, CLOSED FISTS AND ROCKER BOTTOM FEET

70
Q

Reye’s syndrome liver biopsy

A

Micro vesicular fatty infiltration and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction

71
Q

2 diseases you can see Reye’s with

A

Aspirin use in setting of influenza or varicella infection

72
Q

Reye presentation

A

Vomiting, agitation and irrational behavior progressing to lethargy, stupor,a dn restlessness

73
Q

3 reasons GERD more common in babies

A
  1. Shorter esophagus
  2. Incomplete closure of LES
  3. Greater time spent in supine position
74
Q

Most important step after Guillain-Barre is diagnosed

A

Spirometry to measure pulmonary function (FVC especially)

75
Q

CBC of pertussis

A

Lymphocyte-predominant leukocytosis

76
Q

What is Diamond-Blackfan syndrome

A

Microcytic pure red cell aplasia associated with short stature, webbed neck, cleft lip, triangular thumbs

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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