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Pediatrics > Pre-Test 3 > Flashcards

Pre-Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis features? Tx?

A

Autoimmune demyelinating disease in children under 10
Can follow URIs and many other viral diseases
MRI will show white plaques across the brain
Tx is steroids

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2
Q

Hair tuft on spine think what associated features

A

Occult spinal dysraphism –> cause neurological spinal damage

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3
Q

Inborn error of metabolism that can lead to thromboembolus

A

Homocystinuria

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4
Q

Ocular ice pack test for

A

Myasthenia Gravis (ach autoantibodies) –> will show improvement of weakness of eyes muscles

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5
Q

What is Todd paralysis

A

24-48 hours of paralysis after a seizure

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6
Q

Tay-Sachs features

A

Lack of B-hexosaminidiase A in WBCs

Macular cherry red spots and exquisite sensitivity to noise

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7
Q

Angiokeratomas in young kids think? def? other key feature?

A

Fabry
Lacks a-galactosidase
Painful crisis of extremities and abdomen

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8
Q

Myotonic muscular dystrophy features

A

Distal muscle weakness
Cataracts
Bladness, facial immobility

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9
Q

TB head CT (w/ contrast)

A

Exudate in basal cisterns w/ enhancement

Low low glucose on LP but neg culture and all lymphocytes

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10
Q

Pontine glioma featurs

A

CN VII abnormalities
Unsteady gait 2/2 spasticity
Behavioral changes

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11
Q

Subacute sclerosing pancephalitis seen after?

A

Measles

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12
Q

Neuro issue seen with kids w/ left to right shunting cardiac defects

A

Brain abscesses

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13
Q

Cushings triad

A

Hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations

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14
Q

3 things seen from craniopharyngioma

A

Poor growth, DI, and papilledema

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15
Q

Most common site of brain tumors in kids under 1? 1-10 years? > 10?

A

Under 1: Supratentorial (choriod plexus tumors and teratomas
1-10: Infratentorial
> 10: Supratentorial (astrocytomas)

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16
Q

Young girl who loses loss of hand function and loss of ability to socialize

A

Rhett syndrome (MECP2 mutation)

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17
Q

Calcifications of congenital toxo

A

Scattered and “soft appearing”

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18
Q

“Ash leaf” spots seen with

A

Tuberous sclerosis

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19
Q

SMA caused by

A

Degeneration of anterior horn cells in the spinal chord

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20
Q

Vasovagal syncope can have twitching why?

A

Brief ischemia of higher cortical levels

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21
Q

“Milk maid grip” or sequential tightening and relaxing seen with

A

Sydenham chorea –> seen after strep infections

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22
Q

What is Sturge-Webber

A

PHACE (posterior fossa malformations, hemiangiomas, arterial anomalies, coarctation, eye abnormalities)
port wine stain along v3

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23
Q

14 year old with precocious puberty who develops goiter

A

McCune albright

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24
Q

How long does rubella usually last

A

3 days

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25
Q

What should you do while waiting for final results in a kid born to an HIV + mom

A

PCP ppx (tmp-smx)

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26
Q

Reyes syndrome death usually from

A

Cerebral edema and subsequent herniation

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27
Q

Tinea capitus tx

A

Griseofulvin

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28
Q

In an infant who appears otherwise normal, sudden onset of fever and high left shift suggests

A

Pneumococcal bacteremia

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29
Q

High fever goes away as rash appears

A

Roseola

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30
Q

Most common rabies animal in US

A

Raccoon

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31
Q

Lyme dz rash called

A

Erythema chorinicum migrans

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32
Q

Chronic watery frothy diarrhea

A

Cryptosporidium

can tx with nitazoxanide

33
Q

When does t. spiralis cause the Poo

A

1-7 days after undercooked pork

muscle involvement can last

34
Q

Ig elevated in WAS

A

IgE and IgM

35
Q

Job syndrome features

A

Disorder of phagocytic chemotaxis

Hyper IgE, eczema like rash, and recurrent severe staph infections

36
Q

Gonorrhea culture

A

Thayer-Martin

37
Q

URI with rapid progression to respiratory distress and pneumothorax what kind of pna

A

Staph

38
Q

Hgb A2 increased in

A

B-thal trait

39
Q

What is cyclic neutropenia? tx?

A

AD disease where neutropenia occurs about every 3 weeks

Tx is g-csf

40
Q

First step in suspected Hodgkin’s dz

A

CXR to look for suspicious mediastinal mass

41
Q

Newborn presentation very similar to Rh incompat but not

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

42
Q

How does glucose 6 phosphatase def often present

A

3-4 months old with failure to thrive, hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, and acidosis

43
Q

Erlenmeyer flask like long bones seen with

A

Gaucher disease (b-glucocerebrosidase def)

44
Q

Third degree heart block seen in kids born to what moms

A

Those with lupus

45
Q

Penis and ball size to indicate puberty

A

Penis longer than 2.5 cm

Testicular volume > 3 cm

46
Q

Waardenburg features

A

White forelock
Heterochromia irides
Congenital deafness
Lateral displacement of inner canthi

47
Q

Most common cause of juvenile hypothyroidism

A

Lymphocytic

48
Q

Galactosemia kids increased risk of

A

GBS sepsis

Also jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and elevated Thyroid function tests

49
Q

Citrulline supplementation for

A

OTC def

50
Q

FAS similar to what enzyme def

A

PKU (MR, microcephaly, heart and vascular malformations)

51
Q

Pt’s born normal who develop hepatosplenomegaly and MR likely have

A

a storage disease

52
Q

Hurler’s features

A

Def of a-1-iduronidase

Umbilical hernia, kyphoscoliosis, deafness, cloudy corneas, and claw hand deformity

53
Q

Inc wilms tour risk with what syndrome

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann

54
Q

Pseudohypoparathyroidism features

A

High PO4, Low Ca (but PTH levels high)

Also brachydactly, obesity with round face, and increased bone density (but delayed bone age)

55
Q

What can be seen after immobilization from a fracture? Complications?

A

Hypercalcemia
Complications include nephropathy, constipation and anorexia
serum to urine Ca to test for the hypercalciuria

56
Q

Skin of CAH

A

Hyperpigmented

57
Q

When does vomiting begin in CAH

A

3rd week of life

58
Q

What can help alkaptonuria

A

Absorbic acid

rember black urine, homogenistic acid def

59
Q

Big Marfan’s CV risk

A

Aortic dissection

60
Q

Ca and PO in nutritional rickets

A

PO4 is low and serum Ca is usually normal (but will see hypocalciuria*

61
Q

Why hypoglycemia in pre-term kids

A

Glycogen and fat stores are diminished

62
Q

Vit D-resistant rickets

A

RTA can’t reabsorb phosphate or activate bit D

Low PO4, normal Ca

63
Q

Tingling in the hands followed by seizures could be due to

A

Hypoparathyroidism –> High PO4 and low Ca

64
Q

Medullary thyroid Ca secretes

A

Calcitonin (but levels of Ca and PO4 normal)

65
Q

What is Laurence-Moon-Beidl syndrome

A

AR trait causing MR, hypogonadism, polydactyl, and retinitis pigmentosum

66
Q

DI concentrations of Na and K

A

Both will be high

67
Q

Addison’s crisis Na and K

A

Hyponatremic and hyperkalemic

resorption of Na and excretion of K impaired

68
Q

Upper extremity abnormalities and cardiac abnormalities is what? Can also be missing?

A

Holt-Oram

Can also be missing pectoralis muscles

69
Q

First sign of puberty in boys

A

Scrotal and testicular growth

70
Q

Tanner 2 in boys

A

Penile enlargement and sparse pubic hair

71
Q

What should you do for any adolescent suicide attempt

A

Hospitalize

72
Q

Most frequent complication of accutane

A

Dry eyes, skin, and mouth

73
Q

Chief benefit of benzoyl peroxide on acne

A

Antibacterial activity

74
Q

Grade 1 concussion

A

No LOC and return to baseline in 15 minutes

can go back into the game after, but not after another

75
Q

Odd contraindication to contact sports

A

Having one eyeball

76
Q

What is Prehn sign

A

Epididymitis vs torsion

Lifting the scrotum should help epididymitis and make torsion worse

77
Q

Painless genital ulcer that has resolved leading to unilateral draining lymphadenitis

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

78
Q

Chancroid features

A

Painful ulcer and bilateral draining inguinal lymphadenopathy

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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