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Pediatrics > U-World 1 > Flashcards

U-World 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who should get tested for GC

A

All sexually active women 24 and younger

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2
Q

Best GC test

A

Nucleic acid amplification test

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3
Q

What is social communication disorder

A

Impaired communication without evidence of restricted interests or repetitive

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4
Q

Electrolytes in 21-hydroxlyase def

A

Hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia

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5
Q

Croup presentation

A

Children younger than 3 years with hoarseness, barking cough, and respiratory distress

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6
Q

What do you suspect in a young boy with gout

A

Lesch-Nyhan

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7
Q

Rotavirus vaccine contraindications

A

Hx of intussusception
Hx of uncorrected congenital GI tract issue
SCID or anaphylaxis to vaccine ingredients

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8
Q

MCC of gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide

A

Anaphylaxis

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9
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome CXXR

A

diffuse, fine reticular granularity and perihilar linear opacities bilaterally

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10
Q

Milk protein enterocolitis presentation

A

Severe reflux or vomiting and/or painless bloody stools

some may need hydrolyzed formula

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11
Q

Marfan’s mutation? most life threatening finding

A

AD fibrillin-1 gene

Aortic route dilation is most life treating finding

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12
Q

What is osmotic fragility test

A

For Hereditary spherocytosis on acidified glycerol lysis test

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13
Q

Triad of spherocytosis

A

Coombs neg hemolytic anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly

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14
Q

T and B lymphocyte cell markers? Brutons is low in? Tx?

A

T is CD3, B is CD 19 (low in bruton’s)

Tx is IVIG

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15
Q

Why are CF patients infertile

A

Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens –> accumulation of inspissated music in fetal genital tract obstructs

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16
Q

Classic triad of brain abscess

A

Fever, severe headaches (morning or nocturnal) and focal neurologic changes

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17
Q

2 risks for increased brain abscesses in kids

A

Cyanotic congenital heart disease

Recurrent sinusitis

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18
Q

RSV prophylaxis med

A

Palivizumab

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19
Q

Infants with bronchiolitis lung sounds? cause? risk?

A

Wheezing and crackles (and URI symptoms)
Usually RSV
Risk is apnea and respiratory failure

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20
Q

Serum sickness like reaction features

A

Fever, urticaria and polyarthralgia 1-2 weeks after first exposure
NO mucosal involvement

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21
Q

Why is contrast in a head CT looking for injury bad

A

Can appear white and look like acute blood

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22
Q

First step if epiglottitis is highly suspected

A

Take PT to or to be able to ensure patients airway (if patients seem to be unstable)

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23
Q

Two most common complications of sickle cell trait

A

Hematuria

Isosthenuria (impairment of concentrating ability –> nocturia and polyuria)

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24
Q

Things that decrease preload

A

Valsalva
Abrupt standing
Nitroglycerin

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25
Q

Heart exam of HCM

A

Carotid pulse with a dual upstroke due to mid systolic obstruction during cardiac concentration

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26
Q

Next step after vaginal foreign body found in young girl

A

Removal with calcium alginate swab or irrigation with warm fluid after topical anesthetic has been applied

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27
Q

Neonatal abstinence syndrome features? Tx?

A

Irritability, high pitched cry, poor sleeping, sweating, poor feeding
Tx: Morphine given and slowly weaned

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28
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease defect

A

Defect of phagocytic cells due to dysfunction of NADPH oxidase
Infections w/ catalase pos organisms (S. aureus, serrate, klebsiella)

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29
Q

CGD test

A

Nitroblue tetrazolium slide test or cytochrome C reduction

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30
Q

Hallmark of leukocyte adhesion defect

A

Neutrophilic without polymorphs in the infected tissue or pus
Delayed separation of the umbilical chord

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31
Q

Glucose 6 phosphatase def features

A

3-4 months of age with hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia
-Doll like face, think extremities, protuberant abdomen

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32
Q

Pompe’s disease def and features

A

Acid maltase - hepatomegaly and heart failure with floppy baby

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33
Q

Niemann-Pick vs Tay-Sachs

A

NP: Sphingomyelinase def, hepatosplenomegaly and areflexia
TS: B-hexosamindiase A def hyperreflexia

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34
Q

What causes gynecomastia in young teenage boys? mgmt?

A

Transiently increased estrogen
Tx is reassurance, as most will resolve
can be unilateral, seen up to 2/3 boys

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35
Q

Gynecomastia in what syndrome increases risk of breast Ca

A

Klinefelters

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36
Q

Pink stains in neonatal diapers is

A

Uric acid crystals - high at birth and decreases until adolescence

37
Q

Asymptomatic scattered erythematous macules and papules all over body in neonate is? tx?

A

Erythema toxic neoatorum
Tx is none, resolves on own within 2 weeks after birth
Not on palms and soles

38
Q

JONES criteria

A

J- joints (migratory arthritis)

39
Q

Next step if screening capillary lead level is >5

A

Confirmatory venous lead levels

40
Q

What do you give for lead levels 45-69

A

DMSA

EDTA for > 70

41
Q

What bone tumor pain is typical relieved by NSAIDs

A

Osteoid osteoma

42
Q

Pt’s w/ hx of rheumatic fever should get what

A

Continuous penicillin prophylaxis

43
Q

Primary predisposing factor for volvulus in children

A

Malrotation

44
Q

Presentation of midgut volvulus in neonate

A

Bilious vomiting

45
Q

Gold standard for malrotation dx

A

Upper GI contrast study

46
Q

What is the most common GI anomaly and should be suspected in kids w/ recurrent intussusception

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

47
Q

What patients should you suspect inspissated stool

A

CF

48
Q

1st and 2nd line OM drugs

A

1: Amoxicillin (10 days)
2: Amox-clavulanic acid

49
Q

Bilateral congenital deafness kids, worry about?

A

Congenital long QT syndrome

50
Q

Pathognomonic radiologic finding for NEC

A

Pneumatosis intestinalis –> extravasation of bowel gas into damaged bowel wall

51
Q

When should NEC be suspected? Risk factors?

A

Newborn with feeding intolerance, abdominal distention, and bloody stools
Risks: prematurity, hypotension, and congenital heart disease

52
Q

Cause of hyper-IGM

A

X-linked defect in CD40 ligand

53
Q

Why high risk of osteoporosis in turners

A

45 XO leads to lower levels of estrogen

54
Q

Features of benign murmers in kids

A

Changes in position (esp dec w/ dec preload)

Early or mid-systolic in timing

55
Q

Gold standard for dx of MD

A

Genetic studies

56
Q

What causes long bleeding in CF? what factors affected

A

Vit K def (Factors II, VII, IX, and X)

Also C and S

57
Q

Topical erythromycin vs oral for conjunctivitis in neonates

A

Topical for gonococcal ppx

Oral for chlamydial infection (5-14 days)

58
Q

Blood stained eye discharge in neonate highly characteristic of

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

59
Q

Guillab Barre pathophys

A

Demyelination of perisperhal motor nerves

60
Q

Breastfeeding failure jaundice vs breast milk jaundice

A

Failure in first week, lactation failure causes decreased bilirubin elimination and baby will show signs of dehydration
Breast milk peaks at 2 weeks, high levels of B-glucuronidase in breast milk deconjugate bilirubin

61
Q

Normal breast feeding schedule

A

15 minutes per side every 2-3 hours

62
Q

MCC or acquired torticollis

A

URI, minor trauma, and cervical lymphadenitis

CXR is first step

63
Q

Most common intraosseous line site

A

proximal tibia

64
Q

2 MCC of neonatal sepsis

A

GBS and E. coli

65
Q

non neoplastic cause of single lytic long bone lesion with overlying hypercalcemia and swelling in a child

A

Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis

66
Q

Complications of severe vesicoureteral reflux? Def dx?

A

Parenchymal scarring, HTN, and renal insufficiency

Def dx by voiding cystourethrogram

67
Q

Turner syndrome heart defect

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

also coarctation

68
Q

Increasing head circumference and signs of increased ICP in children should be evaluated with?

A

CT brain

69
Q

2 diseases where Reys syndrome can be seen

A

Influenza or varicella

70
Q

What should prompt UTI evaluation in any child under 3

A

Fever > 39 C (102.2)

71
Q

What are mongolian spots

A

Flat patches that look like bruises on back and butt that fades during first decade of life

72
Q

Brutons agammaglobulinemia defect? Why does it take 6 months to present

A

Tyrosine kinase in B cells

Maternal IgG works for first 6 months

73
Q

3 reasons babies normally jaundices

A
  1. Hct high with shorter life span and higher turnover
  2. Decreased UGT (esp asians)
  3. Sterile newborn gut that can’t break down bilirubin
74
Q

DMD vs BMD age of onset

A

DMD age 2-3

BMD 5-15

75
Q

Central precocious puberty caused by? tx?

A

Early activation of HPA axis
high FSH and LH
Tx w/ GnRH analog

76
Q

What causes thrombocytopenia in WAS

A

Decreased platelet production

Few platelets seen are small

77
Q

MC elbow fracture in kids? Xray of it?

A

Supracondular humerus fracture

X-ray will show large triangular anterior fat pad and posterior fat pad

78
Q

Vitamin shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in measles

A

Vitamin A

79
Q

What is Eczema herpeticum

A

Primary HSV associated with atopic dermatitis

Tx with acyclovir

80
Q

Most common predisposing factor for orbital cellulitis

A

Bacterial sinusitis

81
Q

VSD murmer

A

holosytolic over the left lower sternal border

82
Q

Typical innocent flow murmer of childhood

A

grade I or II mid systolic ejection murmur

83
Q

What should be suspected in a newborn with cyanosis that is aggravated by feeding and relieved by crying? how to dx?

A

Choanal atresia

Dx by failing to pass a catheter into the nose is suggestive of, CT for complete

84
Q

Initial mgmt in children with speech delay

A

Audiology evaluation

85
Q

Fluid for severe hypovolemic hyperatremia

A

Isotonic solutions (0.9% NaCl)

86
Q

Tx for ITP in children if not bleeding

A

Observation (regardless of platelet count)

87
Q

Rubella in children

A

Low grade fever, tender lymphadenopathy, and rash that spreads cephalocaudally
fever lower than measles and rash is lighter

88
Q

Dry beriberi presentation

A

Thiamin def - symmetrical perp with sensory and motor def in distal extremities

89
Q

Most common pediatric tumor

A

Astrocytomas

Infratentorial most common

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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