Pre-Test 1 Flashcards
MCC of Bell’s palsy
reactivation of herpes simplex or varicella virus
autoimmune demyleinization
When should an infants eyes be able to cross a vertical plane
3 months old
When can children dress themselves
5 years old
How old to copy a cross
4 years
All kids with Juvenile RA should have what routinely
Slit eye exams to watch out for uveitis
Two types of encopresis seen in kids
Retentive (chronic constipation) and nonrentive (without constipation)
Bowlegs common finding at what age
Younger than 2 years
aka genu varum
What is blount disease
Idiopathic tibia vara (bowlegs that don’t go away)
Pallid breath holding spells are usually caused by
Painful experience, such as a fall
DM diagnosis criteria
- Fasting >126
- 2 hour OGTT > 200
- or symptoms + random plasma glucose > 200
Cyanide antidote
Hydrocobalmin
Infants scabies seen where that is spared in adults
Palms, soles, face, and head
Common orbital cellulitis bugs
MRSA, Strep, H flu
Unique contra to tdap
Encephalopathy within 7 days of administration of the previous dose
Meningitis that can last a long time
TB
seen b/w 6 months and 4 years of life
LAD diagnosis
Measuring surface CD11b using flow cytometry
3 bites Ab prophylaxis used for
Cats, human, and monkeys
Think pastueralla with cat bites
2 drugs for clonidine tox
Naloxone and atropine
Clonidine tox featurs
Miosis, hypotension, and bradycardia within an hour of ingestion
What is erythema toxicum
2-3 cm erythematous macules seen in newborns with central yellow white pustules
will have eosinophils
What are salmon patches
Flat vascular lesions that are more prominent during crying
Scaly yellow hairless rash on kids head
Sebaceous nevi
Cradle cap will have hair and be flaky
What is frostnip
Firm, cold white patches of skin in cold exposed areas
Tx is with warming before they become numb
What are Chilblains
Small, ulcerated lesions on exposed areas such as ears and fingers
*Riboflavin def
Chelosis, glossitis, ocular problems, serbhorreic derm
Meds that can cause poor riboflavin absorption
Probenecid, phenothiazine, OCPs
B6 (pyridoxine) def
Perps, seizures, dermatitis, microcytic anemia
Folate def
Megaloblastic anemia, pharyngeal ulcers, dec immunity, glossitis
2 def that can cause glossitis
Riboflavin and folate
Trisomy 13 features
Seizures, CLEFT LIP AND PALATE, micropthalmia, congenital heart disease
2 things osteomyelitis presents with
Focal bone tenderness and fever
How does N-acetylcysteine stop acetaminophen tox
Acts as glutathione substitute by binding directly to N-acetyl,…
Why sodium bicarb for aspirin tox
Enhances urinary excretion
Phenothiazine OD drug to fix
Diphenhydramine
Giardia tx
Tinidazole or Metronidazole
Diphyllobothrium latum symptoms and tx
Megaloblastic anemia (worm uses all the B12), glossitis Praziquantel is tx
Congenital rubella features
Deafness, cataracts, MR, heart defects
Chronic seborrheic dermatitis and failure can be associated with
Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis
Lupus in mom can cause what heart defect in kids
Congenital heart block
Children on phenytoin should get what supplement
Folate
Order what in a kid with severe eczema and unusual infections
Platelet count - think WAS
Candida dermal test for
T cell activity - kids without any won’t have reaction
Cardiac defect of FAS
Septal defects
Sulfisoxale effect of bilirubin
Competes with binding sites on albumin, decreasing levels
When to give Varicella IG to babies
If mom gets it 5 days before birth or 2 days after
What is persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
In intubated babies, increase in pulmonary artery pressure from shunting across PDA or VSD due to decreased systemic pressure
If mom has CMV and later gets pregnant, risk to baby?
Mom has antibodies to CMV that are passed to the fetus
What is an Apt-Downey test
Differentiates maternal from fetal blood
Contra in breastfeeding drugs
Lithium, Cyclosporin, Illicit drugs, Chemo
IDM after 96 hours of life electrolyte trouble
Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia (sugar usually clears by then)
First step in tachypneic newborn
Be sure to check if its warm enough
SGA babies higher risk of
Congenital malformations, hypoglycemia, meconium aspiration, other bad stuff
Apnea in an otherwise well premature infant
Secondary to incompletely developed respiratory center
2 formulas for galactosemia babies
Soy or casein hydrolysate infant formula
Cephalohematoma that crosses the midline
Subgaleal hemorrhage (Call ICU)
Hyperviscosity syndrome in neonate? Tx?
Tremulousness or jitteriness that can progress to seizure activity because blood in the cerebral microcirculation or thrombosis
Tx is exchange transfusion
When to intubate baby
HR under 100 in a floppy depressed infant
suction as well if meconium
Chemical conjunctivitis when
6-12 hours after birth and lasts a day (usually from silver nitrate which isn’t really used anymore)
HIV elisa not good in newborns cause
Maternal Ig can make positive
Propranolol effects on baby
May cause growth retardation
Also baby can’t increase heart rate when needed
Also hypoglycemia and apnea
When does physiologic jaundice become apparent? bili levels?
2-3 days of life
Bili levels no higher than 12
Bilious vomiting + double bubble on xray
Duodenal atresia
Midgut volvulus most often presents how
3-4 day old with acute onset of bilious vomiting
Cleft lip and palate complications
Recurrent URIs, hearing loss, speech probs even if closure is complete
Congenital syphillis
Maculopapular peeling on face, palms, and soles. Rhinitis, hepatosplenomegaly
Polydactyly workup
Don’t worry in black kids
Cardiac workup in white kids
What is Harlequin syndrome
Transient change in skil color of otherwise asymptomatic newborn where dependent side turns red while upper side is pale
Polyhydramnios caused by
Duodenal atresia and TEF
Congenital infection w/ cardio malformations
Rubella (PDA, Pulmonary artery stenosis, septal defects)
not others
3 things neonatal HSV can show
- Isolated CNS involvement
- SEM (isolated cutaneous)
- Systemic generalized infection
Classic Toxo triad
Hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis,, and intracranial calcifications
More than half of CMV infected kids develop
Sensoneural hearing loss
Intracranial calcifications + Hepatosplenomegaly
CMV
Bronchiolitis XRAY
Patchy infiltrates and hyper expansion in both lung fields
Galactosemia kids get damage where after getting lactose
Brain, liver, and eyes
Sturge-Weber
Flat capillary vascular malformation in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve (port wine stain)
Can have seizures with
Tuberous sclerosis risks later
Seizures
Wilms associated with what weird things
Aniridia, Hemihypertrophy
What causes IVH in premies
Gelatinous subependymal germinal matrix of grain -> enlarging head circumference, apnea, and bradycardia
Hematoma after birth that does not cross suture lines
Cephalohematomas
What is caput succedaneum
Soft tissue swelling of the scalp involving the presenting delivery portion of the head (can cross suture lines - pitting edema)
TCA overdose features? tx?
Hypertension to Hypotension and widened QRS, tachycardia
Sodium bicard to alkalinize urine
Most common finding of rheumatic fever
Polyarthritis
