U-World 2 Flashcards
Iron overdose tx
Defoxamine (binds and allows for urinary excretion)
Most dialyzable toxin
Lithium
Biggest risk factor for CP
Premature birth (causes prenatal insults to brain development) *Spastic most common type seen in premies*
Infant with failure to thrive, bilateral cataracts, jaundice, and hypoglycemia likely have? caused by?
Galactosemia
Caused by galactose-1-phosphate uridyl
Pathogenesis of NEC involves? best way to avoid?
Gut immaturity and exposure to bacteria from enteral feeds
Breast feeding is best way to avoid
Best drug for Tourettes
Risperidone
Gonococcal conjunctivitis ppx
Topical erythromycin
Neonatal conjunctivitis timing
- Chemical 1st 24 hours
- Gonococcal around 3 days
- Chlamydial around 5-14
NF 1 features
Café-Au-Lait spots, macrocephaly, feeding problems, short stature, and learning disabilities
HSP presentation
Hematuria, abdominal pain, and purpuric rash on LE w/out thrombocytopenia
When do SS patients spleen’s usually infart
By 18-36 months of life
‘Onion skinning’ on bone X-ray what tumor
Ewing sarcoma
TOF murmur
Harsh, systolic ejection murmur over the middle to left upper sternal border
What is McCune-Albright syndrome
Precocious puberty, cafe au last spots (Pigmentation) and multiple bone defects (polyostoic fibrous dysplasia)
What does trachoma present with
Follicular conjunctivitis and pannus (neovascularization) formation in the corner
Chlamydia, also infection in nasopharynx
Hallmark of late Lyme disease
Lyme arthritis
When is reactive arthritis seen
1-4 weeks after urethritis or diarrheal infection
What do you suspect in subcutaneous emphysema secondary to severe coughing paroxysms
Pneumothorax
Tape test is for
Enterobius vermicularis
Prenatal US of TEF shows
Polyhydramnios, as affected fetus cannot swallow amniotic fluid
What should be suspected in newborn who chokes and coughs during first feeding
Esophageal atresia w/ tracheoesophageal fistula
Colicky ab pain and “current jelly stool”? Best test in kid?
Intussusception
US is first line –> air contrast enema
Most common cause of IVH in neonates
Premature and low birth weight infants
What can a 12 month old say
mama, dada, and one other word
should also be able to follow simple commands and gestures
Vocal ability of 3 year old
Around 1000 words and 75% understood by a strange
3-4 word sentences
Why vaginal bleeding in infants under 3 months
Maternal estrogens can cross placenta and enter fetal blood stream
reassurance all thats needed
What is herpangina
Coxsackie A virus in 3-10 year olds
Fever, pharyngitis, and GRAY vesicles/ulcers on posterior oropharynx
Hair pulling disorder
Trichotillomania
Alkalosis increases risk of what after surgery
Postoperative apnea
Acid/Base of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
hypochloremic, hypokalemic, metabolic alkalosis
Triad of congenital rubella
Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex) from cataracts, PDA, and hearing loss
Thymus visible on CXR in what aged
Under 3 years
Two MCC causes myocarditis in kids? presentation?
Coxsackievirus B and adenovirus
Presentation is fever, lethargy, and signs of heart failure after a viral prodrome
Viral myocarditis presentation
Fever, lethargy, and sings of heart failure after a viral prodrome
Breast feeding reduces the risks of what cancers in mother
Breast and ovarian
What diseases do breast feeding help prevent
Otitis media, gastroenteritis, respiratory infections, and UTIs
MCC of 2nd HTN in children
Fibromuscular dysplasia (right renal artery more common)
What is thought to cause gradual pyloric stenosis? Features?
Formula feeding until symptom onset at age 3-5 weeks
-Projectile vomiting with infant hungry after
Adolescent who presents with a nasal obstruction, visible nasal mass, and frequent nosebleeds likely?
Juvenile angiofibroma
What is Todd’s paralysis
Poetical paralysis that usually rapidly improves within 24 hours
Difference b/w preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis
Preseptal is mild infection of the eyelid anterior to orbital septum, orbital cellulitis is posterior to septum and causes all the eye trouble
Tricuspid valve atresia characterized by
Left axis deviation on EKG and decreased pulmonary markings on chest X-ray
Things seen in Edwards syndrome
Micrognathia, microcephaly, rocker bottom feet, overlapping fingers, and absent palmar creases
VSD common
Polycythemia in neonates? Most common symptoms
Hit >65%
Lethargy, irritability, and jitteriness
CF pneumonia bug to think of in those below 20? above?
Below - S. aureus (IV Vanc)
Above - Pseudomonas
Osteomyelitis in SS kids
Salmonella
Botulin paralysis in babies
Descending flaccid paralysis
DM type 1 onset
4-6 or early puberty (bimodal)
UA, chemistry, A1c workup
DOC for absence seizures
Ethosuxamide (best) or valproic acid
Typical presentation of cholesteomas
New-onset hearing loss or chronic ear drainage despite antibiotic therapy
Can see granulation tissue and skin debris
3 characteristic facial dysmorphisms of FAS
- Small palpebral fissures
- Smooth filtrum
- Thin vermillion border
Most common cause of proteinuria in kids
Transient proteinuria- can be causes by fever, stress, volume depletion
repeat urine dipstick on two separate occasions
Suspect what with sudden onset of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Factors associated with physical/sexual abuse
Unexplained changes in behavior or scholastic performance, unstable family economic conditions, or caregiver history of substance abuse
Androgen insensitivity vs Mullein agenesis
AS: absent uterus , cryptorchid testes (XY)
MA: Normal ovaries but absent uterus and upper vagina (XX)
Congenital syphilis
rash on palms and soles, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, anemia, and rhinorrhea
Notched teeth seen later
Congenital CMV
IGUR, hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly, hearing loss
periventricular calcifications
Most common cyanotic heart defect in neonatal period
TGA
Single S2 is buzzword
2 drugs for kids who can’t stop wetting bed
1st line: desmopressin
2nd line: TCAs
Late onset CAH manifestations
Signs of androgen excess around 7 years w/ cystic acne, accelerated linear growth, and advanced bone age
- normal electrolytes*
- LH low, don’t go up with GnRH stimulation*
Vocabulary of 2 year old
Around 200 words, two word phrases, 1/2 of speech ineligible
what should be suspected in any newborn with failure to pass meconium, within 48 hours after birth, especially in setting of down syndrome
Hirschsprung disease
When does stranger anxiety develop
6 months
Asymmetric inguinal folds suggestive of
DDH
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Focal or generalized seizures, MR, and port wine stain along territory of congenital nerve
Skull X-ray shows tramline of intracranial calcifications
Most common anemia of pre-term infants? cause?
Anemia of prematurity
Due to diminished epo levels, shortened RBC life span, and blood loss
relatively low retic count
Abrupt onset of fever, sore throat, dysphagia, and drooling
Epiglottitis
Treatment of mumps
Supportive, with application of cold compresses to the parotid area or testes
MCC of inspiratory stridor in infants? best dx
Laryngomalacia, characterized by inspiratory stridor worse in supine position
Laryngoscopy is the best dx
Laryngomalacia course
Usually self resolves by 18 months
Light microscopy and SEM of minimal change disease? Tx?
Normal light microscopy
SEM: Diffuse effacement of foot processes
Tx is steroids
Cause of anovulation in girls who’s period just started
HPA axis immaturity (insufficient gonadotropin secretion)
Posterior vermis syndrome? form what tumor
Truncal dystaxia, signs of ICP
Medulloblastoma
Preseptal vs orbital cellulitis
Orbital has ophthalmoplegia, pain with extra ocular movements, proptosis, vision impairment
Most common early sign of cavernous sinus thrombosis? other signs?
Headache, then bi periorbital edema, fundoscopy with papilledema and dilated tortuous retinal veins
Always try what before intubation in croup
racemic epinephrine trial
What should you screen prader wili kids for
DM 2, sleep apnea, and gastric rupture
First line treatment for lots of bleeding due to anovulation in young girls
High-dose estrogen
MCC of sepsis in SS kids without spleen
Strep pneumo
What is recommended after puberty in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Bilateral gonadectomy
Rickets exam? xray?
Craniotabes, rachitic rosary, and gene varum
C-ray includes cupping and fraying of the metaphysics of the long bones
LOC seen with what two kinds of seizures
Complex partial seizures and partial seizures with secondary generalizations
SLE associated with false positive of what test
RPR
What are night terrors
Occurring during non-REM sleep and are characterized by fear, crying, screaming and amnesia of the event
Isolated premature adrenarche cause by
increased adrenal androgen secretion
Why fat girls more at risk for precocious puberty
Increased estrogen from conversion in fat
