Typical Cervical (Quiz 2/ Test 2)

Question 1

What are the typical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 1

C3-C6

Question 2

What are the characteristics of typical cervical vertebrae?

theres a lottttttttt

Answer 2

-small, irregular vertebrae
-3 foramina (neural foramen and L/R foramina transversarii)
-bifid SP
-uncinate processes
-body
-wide oval/rectangular cylinder
-inferior epiphysis
-concave anterior to posterior
-prominent anterior lip
-slight posterior lipping

Question 3

What process is on the superior epiphysis of all typical cervical vertebrae?

test q

Answer 3

uncinate processes (prominent lateral lips)

note: there is slight posterior lipping

Question 4

What do the superior epiphysis of typical cervical vertebrae form?

Answer 4

uncovertebral joints that articulate with the sides of the inferior epiphysis above (also known as joints of von Lushka)

Question 5

What is found on the posterior surface of the typical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 5

basi-vertebral foramen or foramina
-exit for the basi-vertebral veins
-arteries enter through small “nutritive foramen”

Question 6

What shape are the pedicles of typical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 6

short, horizontal cylinders of bone

Question 7

Where do the L/R pedicles of typical cervical vertebrae project?

Answer 7

posterolaterally from the corners of the body

Question 8

How do the superior and inferior pedicle notches of typical cervical vertebrae compare? What do they form?

Answer 8

they’re approx equal sizes

they form cervical IVFs

Question 9

What shape is made within cervical IVFs?

test q

Answer 9

square with rounded corners (seen on cervical obliques only, ipsilaterally, BUT if its not visible then pt is subluxated)

Question 10

What are the articular pillars/columns found in typical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 10

-2 lateral cylinders at the LPJ
-superior 1/3 is known as the pre-zygopophyses
-projects upward from LPJ

Question 11

What do the superior articular surfaces of typical cervical vertebrae cover?

Answer 11

entire top surface of the articular pillars (smooth, flat, round/oval, the middle is narrow and constricted)

Question 12

Where do the superior articular surfaces of typical cervical vertebrae face?

test q

Answer 12

posterosuperior, slightly medially

note: this is opposite of inferior articular surfaces

Question 13

What do the superior articular surfaces of typical cervical vertebrae articulate with?

Answer 13

the inferior articular surfaces above

Question 14

What is found on the middle 1/3 of superior articular surfaces of typical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 14

pars interarticularis

Question 15

The pedicles on superior articular surfaces of typical cervical vertebrae attach where?

Answer 15

anteromedially

Question 16

The laminae on superior articular surfaces of typical cervical vertebrae project where?

Answer 16

posteromedially

Question 17

What is found on the inferior 1/3 of the superior articular surfaces of typical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 17

post-zygopophyses

Question 18

Where does the post-zygopophyses of superior articular surfaces of typical cervical vertebrae project?

Answer 18

downward from the LPJs

Question 19

What do the inferior articular surfaces of typical cervical vertebrae cover?

Answer 19

the entire bottom surface of articular pillars (smooth, flat, round/oval)

Question 20

Where do the inferior articular surfaces of typical cervical vertebrae face?

test question

Answer 20

antero-inferior, slightly laterally

note: this is opposite of superior articular surfaces

Question 21

What do the inferior articular surfaces of typical cervical vertebrae articulate with?

Answer 21

superior articular surfaces below

Question 22

Articular pillars of typical cervical vertebrae assist in what?

Answer 22

weight-bearing

Question 23

What are laminae of typical cervical vertebrae? Where do they project and meet? What do they form?

Answer 23

-long, thin, vertical plates of bone
-project posteromedially from the articular pillars
-meet/fuse in the midline (called the line of interlaminar fusion) at the spinous base
-forms the posterolateral walls of the neural foramen

Question 24

What are spinous processes of typical cervical vertebrae? Where do they project and end?

Answer 24

-short, delicate process
-projects posterior, slightly inferior
-ends in bifid tip, 2 posterolateral “L/R distal spinous tubercles”

Question 25

SPs of typical cervical vertebrae are hard to palpate where?

Answer 25

within lordotic curve

Question 26

What is an SP anomaly for typical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 26

SP should be bifid, but for some people they are missing the bifid tip this is called aplasia or non-ossification

Question 27

Where do TPs of typical cervical vertebrae project?

Answer 27

anterolaterally

Question 28

Anterior false costo-TPs is a thin vertical plate of bone on typical cervical vertebrae. It projects anterolaterally from the BODY. Where does it end?

Answer 28

anterior distal transverse tubercle

Question 29

What are the anterior false costo TPs of typical cervical vertebrae homologous to?

Answer 29

a rib (costo= rib, TPs on typical cervical vertebrae are anterior/false/costo)

Question 30

Where are carotid tubercles found?

Answer 30

on C6 anterior TPs

Question 31

Posterior true TPs is a thin vertical plate of bone on typical cervical vertebrae. It projects anterolaterally from the ARTICULAR PILLAR. It is parallel to the anterior TPs. Where does posterior TP end?

Answer 31

posterior distal transverse tubercle

Question 32

The TPs of typical cervical vertebrae have costo-transverse lamella. What is this?

Answer 32

-thin horizontal plate of bone -connects the inferior tips of the anterior and posterior TPs distally -forms a trough like floor to the TPs -has a foramen transversarium ("hole in the transverse", which is a large round hole through the floor of the TP)

Question 33

TPs of typical cervical vertebrae align to form what?

Answer 33

L/R vertical canals

Question 34

TPs of typical cervical vertebrae align to form L/R vertical canals. What do these canals contain?

Answer 34

-vertebral arteries (brain's blood supply) which transports 40% of brain's blood (carotid arteries carry 60%) -vertebral arteries enter the foramina transversarii at C6 level and enter the skull through the foramen magnum -spinal arteries and veins are local blood supply within canals -nerve plexuses are also local blood supply within canals -canals may be divided by calcified intra-foraminal ligaments -neural foramen is large and appears as an apex posterior triangle in canal

Question 35

What shape is the neural foramen in the cervical spine? test q

Answer 35

large, apex posterior triangular