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Spinal Biodynamics 1 > Myology (final) > Flashcards

Myology (final) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the origins of the trapezius?

A

-EOP to the medial superior nuchal line
-nuchal ligament down to C7
-SPs and supraspinous ligament C7-T12
-midline from EOP to T12

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2
Q

What is the insertion for the trapezius?

A

superior and inferior margins of scapular spine

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3
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius?

A

braces shoulder during arm motions

unilaterally= lateral flexion/contralateral rotation

bilaterally= extension of head/neck

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4
Q

What are the origins of the latissimus dorsi?

A

-deep to trapezius from T6-T12
-SPs/supraspinous ligament T6-T12
-superficial lumbar aponeurosis (broad, flat diamond shaped tendon)
»aponeurosis is attached to PSISs, median and intermediate sacral crests, and lumbar SPs/MPs
»aponeurosis attaches to muscles of several layers

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5
Q

What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A

proximal, medial humerus

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6
Q

What are the actions of the latissimus dorsi?

A

adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the arm (humerus)

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7
Q

What is the triangle of auscultation?

A

-triangular area of the dorsal thorax
-this area is not covered by the traps, lats, or scapula
-it forms a sound window that has distinct lung sounds

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8
Q

What is the lateral border of the triangle of auscultation?

test q

A

medial edge of the scapula

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9
Q

What is the medial border of the triangle of auscultation?

test q

A

lateral edge of the trapezius

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10
Q

What is the inferior border of the triangle of auscultation?

test q

A

superior edge of the latissimus dorsi

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11
Q

What is the floor of the triangle of auscultation?

test q

A

rhomboideus muscles of layer 2

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12
Q

What 2 muscles are a part of layer/group 1?

A

1) trapezius
2) latissimus dorsi

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13
Q

Which layer/group is the trapezius in?

A

layer/group 1

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14
Q

Which layer/group is the latissimus dorsi in?

A

layer/group 1

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15
Q

What 3 muscles are a part of layer/group 2?

A

1) levator scapulae
2) rhomboideus minor
3) rhomboideus major

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16
Q

Which layer/group is the levator scapulae in?

A

layer/group 2

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17
Q

Which muscle is this?
-has a chiro significance because its used for muscle palpation/analysis
-palpates directly under the trapezius
-originates from 4 separate tendons
-fuses into 1 solid muscle belly

A

levator scapulae

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18
Q

What are the origins of the levator scapulae?

A

C1-C4 posterior TPs

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19
Q

What is the insertion of the levator scapulae?

A

superomedial corner of the scapula

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20
Q

What are the actions of the levator scapulae?

A

assists the trapezius in elevating the scapula

unilaterally= lateral flexion/ipsilateral rotation of the cervical spine

bilaterally= extension of the cervical spine

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21
Q

Which layer/group is the rhomboideus minor in?

A

layer/group 2

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22
Q

Which muscle is this?
-thin, membranous muscle
-deep to the trapezius
-attached to the deep thoracic aponeurosis
-parallel, inferolateral muscle fibers

A

rhomboideus minor

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23
Q

What are the origins of the rhomboideus minor?

A

C7-T1 SPs/supraspinous ligament

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24
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboideus minor?

A

superior 1/3 of the medial scapula

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25
Q

What is the action of the rhomboideus minor?

A

assist the rhomboideus major in retraction and rotation of the scapula

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26
Q

Which muscle is this?
-deep to the trapezius
-arises from the deep thoracic aponeurosis
-parallel inferolateral muscle fibers
-separated from rhomboideus minor by only fascia

A

rhomboideus major

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27
Q

What are the origins of rhomboideus major?

A

T2-T5 SPs/supraspinous ligament

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28
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboideus major?

A

inferior 2/3 of the medial scapula

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29
Q

What are the actions of the rhomboideus major?

A

retraction and rotation of the scapula

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30
Q

What 3 muscles are a part of layer/group 3?

A

1) serratus posterior superior
2) serratus posterior inferior
3) splenius capitus and splenius cervicus

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31
Q

Which layer/group is the serratus posterior superior in?

A

layer/group 3

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32
Q

What are the origins of the serratus posterior superior?

A

-lower nuchal ligament
-C7-T3 SPs

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33
Q

What are the insertions of the serratus posterior superior?

A

posterolateral margins of ribs 2-5

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34
Q

What is the action of the serratus posterior superior?

A

elevate ribcage during deep inspiration

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35
Q

What group/layer is the serratus posterior inferior in?

A

group/layer 3

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36
Q

What are the origins of the serratus posterior inferior?

A

T11-L2 SPs

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37
Q

What are the insertions of the serratus posterior inferior?

A

posterolateral margins of ribs 9-12

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38
Q

What is the action of serratus posterior inferior?

A

pull ribcage down during deep expiration

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39
Q

Which layer/group is the splenius capitus + cervicus in?

A

layer/group 3

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40
Q

What are the origins of the splenius capitus?

A

-lower nuchal ligament
-C7-T4 SPs

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41
Q

What are the insertions of the splenius capitus?

A

lateral superior nuchal line to the mastoid process

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42
Q

What are the actions of the splenius capitus?

A

unilaterally= lateral flexion and rotation of the head

bilaterally= extension of the head

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43
Q

What is the origin of the splenius cervicus?

A

T3-T6 SPs

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44
Q

What is the insertion of the splenius cervicus?

A

C1-C4 posterior TPs

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45
Q

What are the actions of the splenius cervicus?

A

unilaterally= lateral flexion and rotation of the neck

bilaterally= extension of the neck

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46
Q

The intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles are collectively called the….

A

erector spinae muscles

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47
Q

What are the 3 erector spinae muscles?

A

1) iliocostalis
2) longissumus
3) spinalis

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48
Q

The erector spinae muscles are the chief _____________ of the vertebral column. They generally act bilaterally

A

extensors

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49
Q

The deep layer of the intrinsic back muscles are collectively called the….

A

transversospinalis muscles

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50
Q

What are the 3 transversospinalis muscles?

A

1) semispinalis
2) multifidus
3) rotatores (brevis and longus)

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51
Q

Which muscles occupy the lamina gutter and originate in the TPs and attach to the SPs and lamina?

A

the 3 transversospinalis muscles:
1) semispinalis
2) multifidus
3) rotatores (brevis and longus)

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52
Q

Which muscles are relatively inactive in the stand-easy position, but act as static postural muscles (fixators/steadiers) of the vertebral column maintaining erect posture?

A

the 3 transversospinalis muscles:
1) semispinalis
2) multifidus
3) rotatores (brevis and longus)

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53
Q

What 3 muscles are a part of layer/group 4?

A

the 3 erector spinae muscles:
1) iliocostalis
2) longissumus
3) spinalis

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54
Q

What 9 muscles are a part of layer/group 5?

A

the 3 transversospinalis muscles:
1) semispinalis
2) multifidus
3) rotatores (brevis and longus)

4) interspinalis
5) intertransversarii

the 4 suboccipital muscles:
6) rectus capitus posterior major
7) rectus capitus posterior minor
8) superior oblique
9) inferior oblique

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55
Q

Which layer/group are the iliocostalis muscles in?

A

layer/group 4

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56
Q

What is the origin for the iliocostalis lumborum (of the lumbars) relay?

test q

A

lateral lumbar aponeurosis

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57
Q

What is the insertion of the iliocostalis lumborum (of the lumbars) relay?

test q

A

rib angles of ribs 7-12

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58
Q

What are the actions of the iliocostalis muscles?

A

unilaterally= strong lateral flexion (regionally)

bilaterally= extension (regionally)

isometric= help maintain erect posture and balance

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59
Q

What is the origin for the iliocostalis thoracis relay?

test q

A

rib angles of ribs 7-12

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60
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis relay?

test q

A

rib angles of ribs 1-6

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61
Q

What is the origin of the iliocostalis cervicis/ coli relay?

test q

A

rib angles of rib 3-6

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62
Q

What is the insertion of the iliocostalis cervicis/ coli relay?

test q

A

C4-C6 posterior TPs

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63
Q

What are the origins for the longissimus thoracis relay?

A

L1-L5 TPs and APs

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64
Q

What layer/group are the longissimus muscles a part of?

A

layer/group 4

65
Q

What are the insertions of the longissimus thoracis relay?

A

-T1-T12 TPs
-ribs 3-12 medially

66
Q

What are the actions of the longissimus muscles?

A

unilaterally= weak lateral flexion (regionally)

bilaterally= extension (regionally)

isometric= help maintain erect posture and balance

67
Q

What is the origin of the longissimus cervicis/ coli relay?

A

T1-T5 TPs

68
Q

What is the insertion of the longissimus cervicis/ coli relay?

A

C2-C6 posterior TPs

69
Q

What is another name for the longissimus capitis relay muscles?

test q

A

trachelomastoideus muscle

70
Q

What is the origin for the longissimus capitis relay?

A

C4-C7 TPs

71
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus capitis relay?

A

posterior mastoid process

72
Q

What layer/group are the spinalis muscles in?

A

layer/group 4

73
Q

What is the origin of the spinalis thoracis relay?

A

T11-L2 SPs

74
Q

What is the insertion of the spinalis thoracis relay?

A

T4-T8 SPs

75
Q

What are the actions of the spinalis muscles?

A

bilaterally= extension (regionally)

isometric= help maintain erect posture and balance

76
Q

What is the origin of the spinalis cervicis/ coli relay?

A

C7-T2 SPs

77
Q

What is the insertion of the spinalis cervicis/ coli relay?

A

C2-C4 SPs

78
Q

The spinalis capitis relay is the ____________________ below

A

semi-spinalis capitis

79
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the minor deep layer of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

1) interspinalis
2) intertransversarii
3) levatores costorum

80
Q

Which layer/group are the semispinalis muscles a part of?

A

layer/group 5

81
Q

What is the origin for the semispinalis thoracis relay?

A

T7-T12 TPs

82
Q

What is the insertion of the semispinalis thoracis relay?

A

C6-T4 SPs (6-8 segments above origins)

83
Q

What are the actions of the semispinalis muscles?

A

unilaterally= contralateral rotation

bilaterally= extension (regionally)

84
Q

What are the origins of the semispinalis cervicis/coli relay?

A

-T1-T6 TPs
-C4-C7 post-zygopophyses

85
Q

What is the insertion of the semispinalis cervicis/ coli relay?

A

C2-C5 SPs (2-8 segments above origins)

86
Q

What are the origins of the semispinalis capitis relay (with the spinalis capitis above)?

A

-T1-T6 TPs
-C4-C7 post-zygopophyses

87
Q

What is the insertion of the semispinalis capitis relay (with the spinalis capitis above)?

A

superior nuchal planum

88
Q

Which layer/group is the multifidus a part of?

A

layer/group 5

89
Q

What are the origins of the multifidus?

A

-articular crests of the sacrum
-L1-L5 MPs
-T1-T12 TPs
-C4-C7 post-zygopophyses

90
Q

What is the insertion of the multifidus?

A

L5-C2 SPs (3-5 segments above origin)

91
Q

What are the actions of the multifidus?

A

unilaterally= weak contralateral rotation

bilaterally= weak extension

92
Q

What layer/group are the rotatores in?

A

layer/group 5

93
Q

What is the origin of the rotatores?

A

L5-C3 TPs (inclusive)

94
Q

What is the insertion of the rotatores?

A

longus= 2nd lamina above origin

brevis= next lamina above origin

95
Q

What is the action of the rotatores?

A

unilaterally= strong contralateral rotation (regionally)

96
Q

Which layer/group are the intertransversarii muscles a part of?

A

layer/group 5

97
Q

What is the origin AND insertion of the cervical intertransversarii?

A

origin= C2-C7 anterior/posterior TPs

insertion= anterior/posterior TPs directly above

98
Q

What is the action of the intertransversarii muscles?

A

unilaterally= lateral flexion

99
Q

The thoracic intertransversarii muscle is paired with the….

A

levator costorum

100
Q

What is the origin AND insertion of the thoracic intertransversarii?

A

origin= distal T1-T12 TPs

insertion= distal TPs directly above

101
Q

What are the origins AND insertions of the lumbar intertransversarii?

A

origins:
-laterally= L1-L5 TPs
-medially= L1-L5 MPs

insertions:
-laterally= TPs directly above
-medially= APs directly above

102
Q

What layer/group are the interspinalis muscles a part of?

A

layer/group 5

103
Q

What are the origins AND insertions of the interspinalis muscles?

A

origin= S1-T12 and T3-C3 SPs

insertion= SPs directly above the origin

104
Q

What are the actions of the interspinalis muscles?

A

bilaterally= extension (regionally)

isometric= help form and maintain the lordotic curve/secondary curve

105
Q

Which layer/group is the rectus capitus posterior major a part of?

A

layer/group 5

106
Q

What is the origin of the rectus capitus posterior major?

A

superolateral C2 SP

107
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus capitus posterior major?

A

inferior nuchal line

108
Q

What is the action of the rectus capitus posterior major?

A

unilaterally= ipsilateral rotation

109
Q

What is the origin of the superior oblique?

A

postero-superior C1 TP

110
Q

What is the insertion of the superior oblique?

A

inferior nuchal like, just lateral to the RCP major

111
Q

What are the actions of the superior oblique?

A

unilaterally= lateral flexion and contralateral rotation (if allowed)

112
Q

Which layer/group is the superior oblique a part of?

A

layer/group 5

113
Q

Which layer/group is the inferior oblique a part of?

A

layer/group 5

114
Q

What is the origin of the inferior oblique?

A

lateral margin of the C2 SP, just below the RCP major

115
Q

What is the insertion of the inferior oblique?

A

posterior C1 TP, just below the superior oblique origin

116
Q

What are the actions of the inferior oblique?

A

unilaterally= ipsilateral rotation of C1/C2

isometric= helps maintain C1/C2 stability during head flexion

117
Q

Which layer/group is the rectus capitus posterior minor a part of?

A

layer/group 5

118
Q

What is another name for the rectus capitus posterior minor?

test q

A

sniff muscle

119
Q

What is the origin of the rectus capitus posterior minor?

A

C1 posterior tubercle

120
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus capitus posterior minor?

A

medial inferior nuchal planum

121
Q

What is the action of the rectus capitus posterior minor?

A

bilaterally= extension (head)

122
Q

What is another name for the longus capitus?

test q

A

rectus capitus anterior major

123
Q

What is the origin of the longus capitus?

A

C3-C6 anterior TPs

124
Q

What is the insertion of the longus capitus?

A

pharyngeal tubercle (L/R muscles insert together)

125
Q

What are the actions of the longus capitus?

A

bilaterally= flexion of the head

isometric= resists lordosis of the cervical curve

126
Q

What is another name for rectus capitus anterior?

A

rectus capitus anterior minor

127
Q

What is the origin of the rectus capitus anterior?

A

C1 lateral mass and anterior TP

128
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus capitus anterior?

A

basion, just anterior to the foramen magnum

129
Q

What are the actions of the rectus capitus anterior?

A

bilaterally= flexion of the head

isometric= resists lordosis of the cervical curve

130
Q

What is the origin AND insertion of the rectus capitus lateralis?

A

origin= C1 anterior TP (superior margin)

insertion= jugular process directly above

131
Q

What is the action of the rectus capitus lateralis?

A

unilaterally= lateral flexion of the head

132
Q

What are the 3 parts of the longus cervicis/colli muscle?

A

1) superior oblique portion
2) vertical portion
3) inferior oblique portion

133
Q

What is the origin of the superior oblique portion of the longus cervicis/colli?

A

C3-C6 anterior TPs

134
Q

What is the insertion of the superior oblique portion of the longus cervicis/colli?

A

C1 anterior tubercle

135
Q

What are the actions of the superior oblique portion of the longus cervicis/colli?

A

unilaterally= ipsilateral rotation (note: this is the opposite for the inferior oblique portion)

bilaterally= flexion of the neck

isometric= resist lordosis of the cervical curve

136
Q

What is the origin of the vertical portion of the longus cervicis/colli muscle?

A

C5-T3 lateral bodies

137
Q

What is the insertion of the vertical portion of the longus cervicis/colli muscle?

A

C2-C4 lateral bodies

138
Q

What are the actions of the vertical portion of the longus cervicis/colli?

A

bilaterally= flexion of the neck

isometric= resist lordosis of the cervical curve

139
Q

What is the origin of the inferior oblique portion of the longus cervicis/colli?

A

T1-T3 lateral bodies

140
Q

What is the insertion of the inferior oblique portion of the longus cervicis/colli?

A

C5-C6 anterior TPs

141
Q

What are the actions of the inferior oblique portion of the longus cervicis/colli?

A

unilaterally= contralateral rotation (note this is the opposite for superior oblique portion)

bilaterally= flexion of the neck

isometric= resist lordosis of the cervical curve

142
Q

What is the origin of the scalenus anterior?

A

C3-C6 anterior TPs

143
Q

What is the insertion of the scalenus anterior?

A

superior margin of rib 1, just lateral to the costo-chondral junction

144
Q

What are the actions of the scalenus anterior?

theres a lot

A

bilaterally= elevate the ribcage during deep inspiration

origin->insertion actions:
-unilaterally= lateral flexion/contralateral rotation
-bilaterally= flexion of the neck
-isometric= coronal stabilization of the neck and head

145
Q

What is the origin of the scalenus posterior?

A

C5-C7 posterior TPs

146
Q

What is the insertion of the scalenus posterior?

A

lateral surface of rib 2

147
Q

What are the actions of the scalenus posterior?

A

bilaterally= elevate the ribcage during deep inspiration

origin->insertion actions=
-unilaterally= lateral flexion of the lower neck
-isometric= coronal stabilization of the neck and head

148
Q

What is the origin of the scalenus medius?

A

C2-C7 posterior TPs

149
Q

What is the insertion of the scalenus medius?

A

superior surface of rib 1

150
Q

What are the actions of scalenus medius?

A

bilaterally= elevate ribcage during deep inspiration

origin->insertion actions=
-unilaterally= lateral flexion/weak contralateral rotation
-bilaterally= weak flexion of the neck
-isometric= coronal stabilization of the neck and head

151
Q

What are the origins of the psoas major?

A

L1-L5 lateral bodies and anterior TPs

152
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas major?

A

lesser trochanter of the femur

153
Q

What are the actions of the psoas major?

A

unilaterally= flexion of the thigh

origin->insertion actions:
-unilaterally= lateral flexion of the trunk
-bilaterally= flexion of the trunk
-isometric= help form and maintain the lumbar curve

154
Q

What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?

A

iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

155
Q

What are the insertions of the quadratus lumborum?

A

L1-L4 TPs and the inferior margin of rib 12

156
Q

What are the actions of the quadratus lumborum?

A

unilaterally= lateral flexion

bilaterally= flexion of lumbar spine

isometric= stabilize rib 12 during inspiration and exhalation

157
Q

What is the origin of the psoas minor?

A

T12-L1 lateral bodies

158
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas minor?

A

pubic ramus, just lateral to the psoas major

159
Q

What is the actions of the psoas minor?

A

assist psoas major in:
-unilaterally= flexion of the thigh
-origin->insertion actions:
»unilaterally= lateral flexion of the trunk
»bilaterally= flexion of the trunk
»isometric= help form and maintain the lumbar curve

Spinal Biodynamics 1 (17 decks)

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