Scoliosis (Quiz 1/Test 1) Flashcards
define curves
normal spinal deviations from straight (4 curves are considered normal)
define curvature
abnormal deviations from normal spinal architecture
What are the boundaries of the cervical curve?
occiput to superior epiphysis of T1
Is the cervical curve convex on the anterior or posterior aspect?
anterior aspect
What spinal curves are mobile and flexible?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar
What are the boundaries of the thoracic curve?
T1 to superior epiphysis of T12
Is the thoracic curve convex on the anterior or posterior aspect?
posterior aspect
What are the boundaries of the lumbar curve?
T12 to superior epiphysis of S1
Is the lumbar curve convex on the anterior or posterior aspect?
anterior aspect
What are the boundaries of the sacrococcygeal curve?
S1 to Cx5
Is the sacrococcygeal curve convex on the anterior or posterior aspect?
posterior aspect
What curve is immobile/solid bone?
sacrococcygeal curve
What are the 2 convex posterior curves?
thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves (primary/accommodation curves)
What are the 2 convex anterior curves?
cervical and lumbar curves (secondary/compensation curves)
When do primary/accommodation curves develop?
in fetal spine/development
-accommodates fetus and uterus, and thoracic/pelvic viscera
aka this is also called kyphotic curves
-kypho= bent forward
When do secondary/compensation curves develop?
after birth due to gravity and posture
-cervical spine begins development during first 6 months when baby raises head up
-posterior extensor muscles mature by 1 y/o and pelvis will extend/femurs turn inward
-lumbar curve develops last
-8-12 months crawling sags the spine
-12-18 months toddler is walking
-fully developed 6-8 years old
-compensation curves help develop posture, aka also called lordotic curves (lordo= bent backward)
Are AP curves in the coronal plane normal?
no, normal is bilateral symmetry, there can only be slight physiologic upper thoracic curve
What are the causes of AP curves in the coronal plane?
-heart mass = right push
-right handed= right pull (mild right convexity)
define lordosis
abnormally bent backwards
Where is lordosis commonly found?
most likely in cervical spine, but lumbar lordosis (swayback) is also common
What is an exaggeration of a normal lordotic curve called?
hyperlordotic
What is a decreased lordotic curve called?
hypolordotic
What is a reversed lordotic curve called?
frank kyphosis
define kyphosis
abnormally bent forward