Scoliosis (Quiz 1/Test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

define curves

A

normal spinal deviations from straight (4 curves are considered normal)

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2
Q

define curvature

A

abnormal deviations from normal spinal architecture

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the cervical curve?

A

occiput to superior epiphysis of T1

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4
Q

Is the cervical curve convex on the anterior or posterior aspect?

A

anterior aspect

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5
Q

What spinal curves are mobile and flexible?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the thoracic curve?

A

T1 to superior epiphysis of T12

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7
Q

Is the thoracic curve convex on the anterior or posterior aspect?

A

posterior aspect

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8
Q

What are the boundaries of the lumbar curve?

A

T12 to superior epiphysis of S1

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9
Q

Is the lumbar curve convex on the anterior or posterior aspect?

A

anterior aspect

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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the sacrococcygeal curve?

A

S1 to Cx5

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11
Q

Is the sacrococcygeal curve convex on the anterior or posterior aspect?

A

posterior aspect

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12
Q

What curve is immobile/solid bone?

A

sacrococcygeal curve

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13
Q

What are the 2 convex posterior curves?

A

thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves (primary/accommodation curves)

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14
Q

What are the 2 convex anterior curves?

A

cervical and lumbar curves (secondary/compensation curves)

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14
Q

When do primary/accommodation curves develop?

A

in fetal spine/development
-accommodates fetus and uterus, and thoracic/pelvic viscera

aka this is also called kyphotic curves
-kypho= bent forward

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15
Q

When do secondary/compensation curves develop?

A

after birth due to gravity and posture
-cervical spine begins development during first 6 months when baby raises head up
-posterior extensor muscles mature by 1 y/o and pelvis will extend/femurs turn inward
-lumbar curve develops last
-8-12 months crawling sags the spine
-12-18 months toddler is walking
-fully developed 6-8 years old
-compensation curves help develop posture, aka also called lordotic curves (lordo= bent backward)

16
Q

Are AP curves in the coronal plane normal?

A

no, normal is bilateral symmetry, there can only be slight physiologic upper thoracic curve

17
Q

What are the causes of AP curves in the coronal plane?

A

-heart mass = right push
-right handed= right pull (mild right convexity)

18
Q

define lordosis

A

abnormally bent backwards

19
Q

Where is lordosis commonly found?

A

most likely in cervical spine, but lumbar lordosis (swayback) is also common

20
Q

What is an exaggeration of a normal lordotic curve called?

A

hyperlordotic

21
Q

What is a decreased lordotic curve called?

A

hypolordotic

22
Q

What is a reversed lordotic curve called?

A

frank kyphosis

23
Q

define kyphosis

A

abnormally bent forward

24
Where is kyphosis usually seen?
thoracic spine but can also be seen in sacral spine
25
What is an exaggeration of a kyphotic curve called?
hyperkyphotic curvature
26
What is a decreased kyphotic curve called?
hypokyphotic curve
27
What is a reversed kyphotic curve called?
frank lordosis
28
define scoliosis
lateral deviation of 3+ segments from the midline
29
define misalignment
lateral deviation of 1-2 segments
30
What is rotatory scoliosis?
-spinouses rotate into the concavity of the curvature -most common type of scoliosis (85% of cases) -normal rotatory mechanism (NRM) being expressed
31
What is the most common type of scoliosis?
rotatory scoliosis
32
What is severe rotatory scoliosis?
-spinouses appear extremely rotated into the concavity -concave side muscle spasm exaggerates normal rotatory mechanism -acutely painful -relaxes into a rotatory scoliosis
33
What is simple scoliosis?
-spinouses appear unrotated -convex side muscle spasm (painful) overcomes normal rotatory mechanism -unrotated appearance called "simple" -more complex than rotatory scoliosis (ironically) -acute, temporary, rare -relaxes into a rotatory scoliosis
34
What is a severe simple scoliosis?
-spinouses rotate into the convexity -severe convex side muscle spasm reverses normal rotatory mechanism -acutely painful -temporary, very rare -relaxes into a simple scoliosis
35
What is a scoliosis called if it is convex to the left?
levoscoliosis
36
What is a scoliosis called if it is convex to the right?
dextroscoliosis
37
What are some causes of scoliosis?
-spinal column must be balanced, any asymmetrical force will bend spine and body compensates (spine recurved towards midline) -trauma (broken leg results in short femur) -congenital deformity (hemivertebra) -occupational (mail carrier) -antalgic posture (away from pain) -subluxation (C1 produces unlevel head, CNS corrects) -idiopathic (adolescent females????) scoliosis is usually an adaptive compensation!!!