Synovial Joints (Quiz 3, Exam 3)

Question 1

What are synovial joints?

Answer 1

-2 joints separated by a true joint space
-synovial joints are connected by a ligamentous sleeve
-named for synovia (clear internal fluid)
-articular surfaces are not directly connected
-synovial joints are a complex, characteristic ligament structure

Question 2

Osteoarthritis is a defense mechanism for what?

Answer 2

excess synovial fluid (moving everyday can prevent this)

Question 3

Synovial joints have an articular capsule/capsular ligament. What are the characteristics there?

Answer 3

-bones connected by a ligament sleeve
-surround the articular surfaces
-may be the only ligament or not
-usually slack and loose to allow ROM
-the capsule is a potential joint space

Question 4

Is the articular capsule of synovial joints an actual or potential space?

Answer 4

potential joint space

Question 5

What do all typical synovial joints have?

Answer 5

-joint capsule
-synovial membrane
-joint fluid
-hyaline cartilage on epiphysis (bone end)

Question 6

What are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 6

-covers all joint surfaces
-very smooth macroscopically
-many microscopic pores
-minimum coefficient of friction
-avascular (no blood vessels)
-continuous erosion and repair

Question 7

What does hyaline cartilage do in instances of no load?

Answer 7

absorbs synovia (usually while sitting or laying down)

Question 8

What does hyaline cartilage do in instances with a load?

Answer 8

weeps/exudes synovia (this is during standing)

Question 9

What happens to hyaline cartilage during increased load?

Answer 9

becomes thinner and has reduced friction (this happens while lifting something)

Question 10

T/F: arthritis happens at old age

Answer 10

false, arthritis is a functional issue not an age thing

Question 11

The synovial membrane is a modified __________ tissue

Answer 11

endothelial

Question 12

What is the synovial membrane? What are its functions?

Answer 12

-synovial membrane is a modified endothelial tissue that lines the entire joint space
-the synovial membrane DOES NOT cover articular cartilage/hyaline cartilage

functions
-forms synovia
-secretes and reabsorbs synovia
-maintains fluid balance

Question 13

Why is synovia/synovial fluid called synovia?

Answer 13

looks like egg whites (apparently)

Question 14

What are the characteristics of synovial fluid? How is it formed?

Answer 14

-synovial fluid is a modified blood serum
-has no RBCs
-have a few WBCs
-has increased proteins, CHOs, and oxygen compared to usual blood serum
-synovial fluid is formed by selective filtration through synovial membrane

Question 15

What are the functions of synovial joints?

Answer 15

-lubrication of joint surfaces
-nourishes the chondrocytes
-CHOs, oxygen, and proteins go in
-carbon dioxide, urea, and wastes go out
-phagocytosis by WBCs removes joint debris, bacteria, or viruses

Question 16

What is the most common joint type?

test q

Answer 16

synovial joints

Question 17

What is the most freely moveable joint type?

test q

Answer 17

synovial joints

Question 18

Which joint type has the most variety in structure and motion?

test q

Answer 18

synovial joints

Question 19

What are the other names for gliding or plane joints?

test q

Answer 19

arthrosis or articulatio plana

Question 20

What is the other name for pivot joint?

test q

Answer 20

trochoid

Question 21

What are the another names for saddle joint?

test q

Answer 21

-reciprocal reception joint
-sellar joint

Question 22

What is another name for hinge joint?

test q

Answer 22

ginglymus

Question 23

What are the other names for condyloid joints?

test q

Answer 23

knuckle joints or ellipsoid joints

Question 24

What are the other names for ball and socket joints?

test q

Answer 24

enarthrosis or spheroidea

Question 25

What are the characteristics of hinge joints, also known as ginglymus joints?

Answer 25

-defined by characteristic motion -allows motion in 1 plane only- uniaxial -can flex and extend -other ROM is limited by configuration and/or collateral ligaments -very common joint, found in knee and elbow

Question 26

Which joint is defined by characteristic motion and allows for rotary motion?

Answer 26

pivot joints, also known as trochoid joints

Question 27

Which joint has a central bony pivot within an osseoligamentous ring?

Answer 27

pivot joints, also known as trochoid joints

Question 28

Which SPECIFIC pivot/trochoid joint has a pivot that turns within the ring? test q

Answer 28

proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 29

Which SPECIFIC pivot/trichoid joint has a ring that turns around the pivot? test q

Answer 29

central atlanto-axial joint

Question 30

Which joint has 2 flat or slightly concave/convex surfaces?

Answer 30

gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana

Question 31

Which joint allows for simple gliding motion?

Answer 31

gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana

Question 32

What is the simplest type of synovial joint? test q

Answer 32

gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana

Question 33

The ROM for gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana, is limited by what?

Answer 33

capsular ligament

Question 34

Which joint is often found in a series?

Answer 34

gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana

Question 35

Where are gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana joints found? test q

Answer 35

-clavicle -carpal/wrist bones -tarsal/ankle bones -zygopophyseal joints note: each joint allows a limited ROM, while an entire series joint produces a large composite ROM

Question 36

Which joint is defined by the shape of the joint surfaces and is an oval convexity (condyle/knuckle) in an oval concavity?

Answer 36

condyloid joints, also known as knuckle or ellipsoid joints

Question 37

What ROM is allowed with condyloid joints, also known as knuckle or ellipsoid joints?

Answer 37

-flexion and extension along long axis -lateral flexion across short axis -NO rotation, if there is rotation then this is considered a disarticulation

Question 38

Which 2 joints pair together and form parallel condyles on one bone?

Answer 38

condyloid joints, also known as knuckle or ellipsoid joints pair with hinge joints, also known as ginglymus so this is considered a double classification

Question 39

Where are condyloid joints, also known as knuckle or ellipsoid joints found? test q

Answer 39

MCP joints

Question 40

Ball and socket joint is a modified __________ joint quiz 3 q

Answer 40

condyloid

Question 41

Which joint has a spherical convexity received into an osseo-ligamentous socket?

Answer 41

ball and socket joint, also known as enarthrosis or spheroidea

Question 42

Which synovial joint is the most freely moveable joint? test q

Answer 42

ball and socket joint, also known as enarthrosis or spheroidea

Question 43

For ball and socket joints, also known as enarthrosis or spheroidea, if its a deep joint socket, then this means it has increased _________ test q

Answer 43

stability ex: this is the hip joint

Question 44

For ball and socket joints, also known as enarthrosis or spheroidea, if its a shallow joint socket, then this means it has increased _________ test q

Answer 44

ROM ex: this is the shoulder joint

Question 45

Which joint has 2 matching concavo-convexity surfaces that are like 2 saddles fit together, or 2 Pringle chips on top of each other?

Answer 45

saddle joints, also known as reciprocal reception or sellar joints

Question 46

What ROM is allowed with saddle joints, also known as reciprocal reception or sellar joints?

Answer 46

-flexion and extension -lateral flexion -NO rotation

Question 47

Where are saddle joints, also known as reciprocal reception or sellar joints found?

Answer 47

carpo(trapezium)-metacarpal joint of the thumb

Question 48

What are the 3 joint classifications for mobility? test q

Answer 48

1) synarthrosis (immoveable) 2) amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable) 3) diarthrosis (freely moveable)

Question 49

Which joints are synarthrotic (immoveable)? test q

Answer 49

-all fibrous joints except syndesmosis (syndesmosis is amphiarthrotic) -synchondrosis joints

Question 50

Which joints are amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable)? test q

Answer 50

-symphysis -syndesmosis

Question 51

Which joints are diarthrotic (freely moveable)? test q

Answer 51

all synovial joints