Synovial Joints (Quiz 3, Exam 3) Flashcards
What are synovial joints?
-2 joints separated by a true joint space
-synovial joints are connected by a ligamentous sleeve
-named for synovia (clear internal fluid)
-articular surfaces are not directly connected
-synovial joints are a complex, characteristic ligament structure
Osteoarthritis is a defense mechanism for what?
excess synovial fluid (moving everyday can prevent this)
Synovial joints have an articular capsule/capsular ligament. What are the characteristics there?
-bones connected by a ligament sleeve
-surround the articular surfaces
-may be the only ligament or not
-usually slack and loose to allow ROM
-the capsule is a potential joint space
Is the articular capsule of synovial joints an actual or potential space?
potential joint space
What do all typical synovial joints have?
-joint capsule
-synovial membrane
-joint fluid
-hyaline cartilage on epiphysis (bone end)
What are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage?
-covers all joint surfaces
-very smooth macroscopically
-many microscopic pores
-minimum coefficient of friction
-avascular (no blood vessels)
-continuous erosion and repair
What does hyaline cartilage do in instances of no load?
absorbs synovia (usually while sitting or laying down)
What does hyaline cartilage do in instances with a load?
weeps/exudes synovia (this is during standing)
What happens to hyaline cartilage during increased load?
becomes thinner and has reduced friction (this happens while lifting something)
T/F: arthritis happens at old age
false, arthritis is a functional issue not an age thing
The synovial membrane is a modified __________ tissue
endothelial
What is the synovial membrane? What are its functions?
-synovial membrane is a modified endothelial tissue that lines the entire joint space
-the synovial membrane DOES NOT cover articular cartilage/hyaline cartilage
functions
-forms synovia
-secretes and reabsorbs synovia
-maintains fluid balance
Why is synovia/synovial fluid called synovia?
looks like egg whites (apparently)
What are the characteristics of synovial fluid? How is it formed?
-synovial fluid is a modified blood serum
-has no RBCs
-have a few WBCs
-has increased proteins, CHOs, and oxygen compared to usual blood serum
-synovial fluid is formed by selective filtration through synovial membrane
What are the functions of synovial joints?
-lubrication of joint surfaces
-nourishes the chondrocytes
-CHOs, oxygen, and proteins go in
-carbon dioxide, urea, and wastes go out
-phagocytosis by WBCs removes joint debris, bacteria, or viruses
What is the most common joint type?
test q
synovial joints
What is the most freely moveable joint type?
test q
synovial joints
Which joint type has the most variety in structure and motion?
test q
synovial joints
What are the other names for gliding or plane joints?
test q
arthrosis or articulatio plana
What is the other name for pivot joint?
test q
trochoid
What are the another names for saddle joint?
test q
-reciprocal reception joint
-sellar joint
What is another name for hinge joint?
test q
ginglymus
What are the other names for condyloid joints?
test q
knuckle joints or ellipsoid joints
What are the other names for ball and socket joints?
test q
enarthrosis or spheroidea
What are the characteristics of hinge joints, also known as ginglymus joints?
-defined by characteristic motion
-allows motion in 1 plane only- uniaxial
-can flex and extend
-other ROM is limited by configuration and/or collateral ligaments
-very common joint, found in knee and elbow
Which joint is defined by characteristic motion and allows for rotary motion?
pivot joints, also known as trochoid joints
Which joint has a central bony pivot within an osseoligamentous ring?
pivot joints, also known as trochoid joints
Which SPECIFIC pivot/trochoid joint has a pivot that turns within the ring?
test q
proximal radio-ulnar joint
Which SPECIFIC pivot/trichoid joint has a ring that turns around the pivot?
test q
central atlanto-axial joint
Which joint has 2 flat or slightly concave/convex surfaces?
gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana
Which joint allows for simple gliding motion?
gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana
What is the simplest type of synovial joint?
test q
gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana
The ROM for gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana, is limited by what?
capsular ligament
Which joint is often found in a series?
gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana
Where are gliding/plane joints, also known as arthrosis or articulatio plana joints found?
test q
-clavicle
-carpal/wrist bones
-tarsal/ankle bones
-zygopophyseal joints
note: each joint allows a limited ROM, while an entire series joint produces a large composite ROM
Which joint is defined by the shape of the joint surfaces and is an oval convexity (condyle/knuckle) in an oval concavity?
condyloid joints, also known as knuckle or ellipsoid joints
What ROM is allowed with condyloid joints, also known as knuckle or ellipsoid joints?
-flexion and extension along long axis
-lateral flexion across short axis
-NO rotation, if there is rotation then this is considered a disarticulation
Which 2 joints pair together and form parallel condyles on one bone?
condyloid joints, also known as knuckle or ellipsoid joints pair with hinge joints, also known as ginglymus
so this is considered a double classification
Where are condyloid joints, also known as knuckle or ellipsoid joints found?
test q
MCP joints
Ball and socket joint is a modified __________ joint
quiz 3 q
condyloid
Which joint has a spherical convexity received into an osseo-ligamentous socket?
ball and socket joint, also known as enarthrosis or spheroidea
Which synovial joint is the most freely moveable joint?
test q
ball and socket joint, also known as enarthrosis or spheroidea
For ball and socket joints, also known as enarthrosis or spheroidea, if its a deep joint socket, then this means it has increased _________
test q
stability
ex: this is the hip joint
For ball and socket joints, also known as enarthrosis or spheroidea, if its a shallow joint socket, then this means it has increased _________
test q
ROM
ex: this is the shoulder joint
Which joint has 2 matching concavo-convexity surfaces that are like 2 saddles fit together, or 2 Pringle chips on top of each other?
saddle joints, also known as reciprocal reception or sellar joints
What ROM is allowed with saddle joints, also known as reciprocal reception or sellar joints?
-flexion and extension
-lateral flexion
-NO rotation
Where are saddle joints, also known as reciprocal reception or sellar joints found?
carpo(trapezium)-metacarpal joint of the thumb
What are the 3 joint classifications for mobility?
test q
1) synarthrosis (immoveable)
2) amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)
3) diarthrosis (freely moveable)
Which joints are synarthrotic (immoveable)?
test q
-all fibrous joints except syndesmosis (syndesmosis is amphiarthrotic)
-synchondrosis joints
Which joints are amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable)?
test q
-symphysis
-syndesmosis
Which joints are diarthrotic (freely moveable)?
test q
all synovial joints
