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Spinal Biodynamics 1 > Ligaments of the Spinal Column (Quiz 3, Exam 3) > Flashcards

Ligaments of the Spinal Column (Quiz 3, Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Common articulations of the spine are C2/C3-L5/S1. They have a similar structure and ligaments in all ____ joints, and its a common classification for all the joints

A

23

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1
Q

Which vertebrae have common articulations of the spine?

A

C2/C3-L5/S1

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2
Q

What is the joint classification for the joint between the vertebral bodies?

A

cartilaginous disc joint

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3
Q

How many ligaments are a part of the joint between the vertebral bodies? What are they?

A

3 distinct ligaments:
1) IVD
2) ALL
3) PLL

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4
Q

The IVDs are ____ separate and distinct ligaments found from _________

A

23, C2/C3-L5/S1

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5
Q

T/F: the ALL is 1 continuous ligament

A

true

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6
Q

Which ligament is attached at each level and unites the anterior bodies and IVDs at each level?

A

ALL

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7
Q

Which ligament has a thin cord from the basion to the C2 body?

test q

A

ALL

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8
Q

Which ligament has a wide band from C2 to the S1 promontory?

test q

A

ALL

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9
Q

Which ligament is wide at C2 and S1?

test q

A

ALL

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10
Q

Which ligament is thinnest in the cervicals, but thickest in the thoracic spine?

test q

A

ALL

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11
Q

What is the function of the ALL?

A

assists the IVD in limiting extension

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12
Q

Which ligament unites the posterior bodies and IVDs at each level from C2-S1?

A

PLL

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13
Q

Which ligament forms the anterior wall of the neural canal?

A

PLL

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14
Q

Which ligament tightly fuses to the posterior annulus fibrosus of the IVDs and is loosely attached to the posterior bodies?

A

PLL

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15
Q

Which ligament allows for emission of the basi-vertebral foramina underneath?

A

PLL

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16
Q

Which ligament is is widely attached across the IVDs and is narrowly attached between the pedicles?

A

PLL

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17
Q

Which ligament is denser than the ALL?

A

PLL

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18
Q

Which ligament extends upward as the membrana tectoria?

A

PLL

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19
Q

What is the joint classification for the joint between the spinous processes?

A

simple fibrous joint

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20
Q

What are the 3 ligaments a part of the joint between the spinous processes?

A

1) interspinous ligaments
2) supraspinous ligament
3) nuchal ligament

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21
Q

Which ligaments are 23 separate ligaments that unite 1 SP with the SP above?

A

interspinous ligaments

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22
Q

Which ligaments run from C2/C3-L5/1st sacral tubercle and extends from the base to the tip of each SP?

A

interspinous ligaments

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23
Q

Which ligament is 1 continuous ligament from C7-S1?

A

supraspinous ligament

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24
Q

Which ligament has a thick cord uniting the distal tubercles of successive spinouses?

A

supraspinous ligament

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25
Q

Which ligament has its anterior edge fused with the interspinous ligaments?

A

supraspinous ligament

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26
Q

Which ligament extends upward as the posterior cord of the nuchal ligament?

test q

A

supraspinous ligament

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27
Q

What are the 2 portions called of the nuchal ligament, also known as ligamentum nuchae?

A

1) cord-like posterior portion (also known as posterior cervical ligament)
2) membranous anterior portion

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28
Q

Which ligament is somewhat elastic and is a direct upward continuation of the supraspinous ligament?

A

cord like posterior portion of the nuchal ligament

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29
Q

Which ligament is attached from C7 to the EOP?

test q

A

cord like posterior portion of the nuchal ligament

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30
Q

Which ligament is a thin, delicate membrane that forms a mid-sagittal septum?

A

membranous anterior portion of the nuchal ligament

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31
Q

Which ligament attaches the posterior cord to the posterior cervical spine?

A

membranous anterior portion of the nuchal ligament

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32
Q

Which ligament is on the occipital crest/median nuchal line, posterior tubercle of C1, all cervical SPs, and interspinous ligaments?

A

membranous anterior portion of the nuchal ligament

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33
Q

Which joint can easily break in traumas?

A

zygopophyseal joints

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34
Q

What is the joint classification for zygopophyseal joints?

A

gliding synovial joints

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35
Q

Which joint is this?
-only 1 ligament per joint/articular capsule
-23 pairs of joints L/R from C2/C3-L5/S1
-thin/loose to allow free gliding motion

A

zygopophyseal joints

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36
Q

Which joint/ligament is thinnest/loosest in the cervicals?

test q

A

zygopophyseal joints

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37
Q

Which joint/ligament is a strong, tough fibrous tissue that acts to limit ROM, resist dislocation and tearing, and is reinforced anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

zygopophyseal joints

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38
Q

What is the joint classification for the joints between the laminae?

A

simple fibrous joint

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39
Q

The joints between the lamina have only 1 ligament per joint on the L/R. There are 23 L/R pairs of _________ ligaments, also known as _____________. This runs from C2/C3-L5/S1

test q

A

yellow, ligamenta flava

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40
Q

Which ligament unites 1 lamina to the lamina above, each ligament stands alone, and the L/R touch but do not fuse in the midline?

A

yellow ligament, also known as ligamentum flava

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41
Q

Which ligament is this?
-L/R pair touch but do not fuse at the midline
-each extends laterally to the capsules but do not fuse
-touch but do not fuse with the interspinous ligament posteriorly

A

yellow ligament, also known as ligamentum flava

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42
Q

What is the most elastic ligament in the body?

test q

A

yellow ligament, also known as ligamentum flava

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43
Q

What does the yellow mean in yellow ligament, also known as ligamentum flava?

A

yellow means high percentage of elastin, which gives it a yellow appearance

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44
Q

Which ligament has a true stretch and elasticity?

A

yellow ligament, also known as ligamentum flava BC IT HAS HIGH PERCENTAGE OF ELASTIN

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45
Q

Which ligament minimizes anterior bulging during hyperextension?

A

yellow ligament, also known as ligamentum flava

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46
Q

What is the joint classification for the joints between the TPs?

A

simple fibrous joints

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47
Q

The joints between the TPs has only 1 ligament per joint pair (L/R). There are 22 distinct pairs of L/R ___________ ligaments. These ligaments attach proximally from one TP to the TP above. These joints/ligaments are found from C2/C3-______. These are only distinct in the lumbar spine and are attached to the intertransversarii muscle fascia elsewhere

A

intertransverse, L4/L5

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48
Q

What is the joint classification for the atlanto-occipital articulation?

A

synovial condyloid + hinge joint

note: this may vary from person to person and can be found that condyloid + hinge joint is actually ball and socket in some individuals

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49
Q

The L/R articular capsules of the atlanto-occipital articulation unites the _____________ to the ____________

A

occipital condyles, C1 lateral masses

note: they are attached marginally just below the joint surfaces and are relatively tight, which allows slight ROM

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50
Q

The anterior atlanto-occipital membrane unites the ___________ to the _________ directly below

A

anterior arch, basion

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51
Q

The anterior atlanto-occipital membrane is a thin-vertical membranous ligament that extends laterally to and fuses with the….

A

articular capsules

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52
Q

What is the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane homologous to?

test q

A

ALL and anterior atlantoaxial membrane (a thin cord of the ALL is attached to the anterior midline)

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53
Q

The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane unites the _____________ to the ____________ directly above

A

posterior arch, squamous occiput

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54
Q

The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is a thin, vertical, membranous ligament that extends laterally to and fuses with the….

A

articular capsules

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55
Q

The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane has an ________ margin that arches over the superior neural groove and forms the 1st IVFs, which is known as the _________________. This allows passage of the vertebral arteries in and the C1 spinal nerves out. Sometimes, this ligament can become calcified, which is an anomaly called the posticus ponticus which is visible on a lateral cervical x-ray and defines the arcuate foramen when present

test q

A

inferior, arcuate foramina

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56
Q

The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is homologous to what?

A

the yellow ligaments

57
Q

What is the other name for the lateral atlanto-occipital ligaments (L/R)?

A

anterior oblique ligaments

58
Q

The lateral atlanto-occipital ligaments (L/R), also known as anterior oblique ligaments, unite the ___________________ to the ____________ above, and are fused with the capsules medially

A

proximal anterior transverses, jugular processes

59
Q

What is the lateral atlanto-occipital ligaments (L/R), also known as anterior oblique ligaments homologous to?

A

the intertransverse ligaments

60
Q

What is the joint classification for the atlanto-axial articulation?

A

gliding + pivot synovial joints
-central atlanto-axial joint is a pivot joint
-2 lateral atlanto-axial joints are gliding joints

61
Q

The central atlanto-axial joint is a joint between the ___________ and the _______

A

anterior arch, dens

62
Q

The central atlanto-axial joint is what type of synovial joint?

A

pivot joint (it is an osseoligamentous ring moving around a central body pivot)

63
Q

The 2 lateral atlanto-axial joints are joints between the ___________________ and the ____________________

A

C1 inferior articular surfaces, C2 superior articular surfaces

64
Q

The 2 lateral atlanto-axial joints are what type of synovial joint?

test q

A

gliding synovial joint that is very freely moveable in rotation

note: 50% of cervical movement comes from here

65
Q

Which ligament is a thick, strong cord of ligament that is attached between the L/R medial atlantal tubercles?

A

transverse ligament of the atlas

66
Q

Which ligament presses against the neck of the dens at the posterior groove?

A

transverse ligament of the atlas

67
Q

Which ligament has the dens pressed against the fovea dentalis?

A

transverse ligament of the atlas

68
Q

What is the main ligament of the central AA joint?

A

transverse ligament of the atlas

69
Q

Which ligament often has a synovial bursa between it and the dens?

A

transverse ligament of the atlas

70
Q

The anterior articular capsule of the atlanto-axial joint is a very loose delicate capsule that unites the anterior articular facet of the dens with the __________ and is attached to the joint margins. This does not limit ROM, it is for lubrication purposes.

A

fovea dentalis

71
Q

What is the capsule of the central AA joint called?

A

anterior articular capsule

72
Q

The lateral articular capsules (L/R) of the atlanto-axial joint are strong but very loose ligaments that unite the ______________________ to the _______________________ on each side and is attached to the joint margins. The lateral articular capsules are the main ligaments of the L/R lateral joints of AA joint

A

C1 inferior articular surfaces, C2 superior articular surfaces

73
Q

The anterior atlanto-axial membrane is a thin membranous ligament that unites the ____________________ to the ______________ directly above

A

anterior surface of C2, anterior arch

74
Q

What is the anterior atlanto-axial membrane homologous to?

A

the ALL and the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

75
Q

Which ligament extends laterally to and fuses with the L/R capsules and is a thin cord of the ALL that is attached to the anterior midline?

A

anterior atlanto-axial membrane

76
Q

The posterior atlanto-axial membrane unites the ____________ to the ______________ directly above

A

C2 laminae, posterior arch

77
Q

Which ligament extends anterolaterally to the inferior neural notch?

A

posterior atlanto-axial membrane

78
Q

Which ligaments anterior margin = posterior margins of the 2nd IVFs?

test q

A

posterior atlanto-axial membrane

79
Q

What is the posterior atlanto-axial membrane homologous to?

A

the yellow ligaments and the posterior AO membrane

80
Q

The L/R accessory ligaments unites the __________________ to the __________________

test q

A

posterior base of the dens, medial atlantal tubercles

81
Q

Which ligament is strong, short bands of ligament that helps limit C1 contralateral rotation?

test q

A

L/R accessory ligaments

82
Q

What is the joint classification of the occipito-axial complex?

A

plot twist: there are no direct articulations between C0 and C2, so no joint class :)

83
Q

The occiput and C2 dens have what ligaments there?

A

C1 centrum ligaments

84
Q

The apical/suspensory ligament unites the ______________ to the ______ directly above

A

apex of the dens, basion

85
Q

Which ligament is a short, thick cord ligament that has a pulpy center and is a notochord remnant?

test q

A

apical/suspensory ligament

86
Q

What is the deepest occipito-axial ligament?

test q

A

apical/suspensory ligament

87
Q

What are the other names for L/R alar ligaments?

test q

A

L/R check ligaments or L/R odontoid ligaments

88
Q

Which ligament goes from the lateral apex of the dens to the L/R condylar tubercles?

A

L/R alar ligaments, also known as check or odontoid ligaments

89
Q

Which ligament is thick with strong bands and is named as the “wings of the dens”?

A

L/R alar ligaments, also known as check or odontoid ligaments

ala/alae= wings

90
Q

The L/R alar ligaments, also known as check or odontoid ligaments help limit…..

A

rotation

91
Q

The L/R alar ligaments, also known as check or odontoid ligaments are homologous and parallel to what?

test q

A

the L/R accessory ligaments

92
Q

Which ligament unites the occiput, atlas, and axis?

A

cruciate/cruciform ligament

93
Q

What are the 3 components of the cruciate/cruciform ligament?

A

1) horizontal (transverse ligament)
2) superior crux (superior longitudinal band)
3) inferior crux (inferior longitudinal band)

94
Q

Which ligament goes from the mid-transverse ligament to the basion above and presses against the posterior dens?

A

superior crux (superior longitudinal band) of the cruciate/cruciform ligament

95
Q

Which ligament prevents the cruciate/cruciform horizontal/transverse ligament from slipping downward?

A

superior crux (superior longitudinal band) of the cruciate/cruciform ligament

96
Q

Which ligament goes from the mid-transverse ligament to the C2 body below?

A

inferior crux (inferior longitudinal band) of the cruciate/cruciform ligament

97
Q

Which ligament prevents the cruciate/cruciform horizontal/transverse ligament from slipping upward?

A

inferior crux (inferior longitudinal band) of the cruciate/cruciform ligament

98
Q

Which ligament is very important for head flexion and is superficial to the apical and alar ligaments?

test q

A

cruciate/cruciform ligament

99
Q

What does membrana tectoria mean?

A

covering membrane

100
Q

What is another name for membrana tectoria?

A

occipito-axial membrane

101
Q

The ______ mater attaches to C1

A

dura

note: C1 rotates with nerves, C2 is sometimes attached to dura mater and rotates with

102
Q

The membrana tectoria, also known as occipito-axial membrane is located at the _______________ to the ______________

A

posterior C2 body, internal basion

103
Q

Which ligament is a broad membranous ligament that covers the cruciate ligament?

A

membrana tectoria, also known as occipito-axial membrane

104
Q

Which ligament is a direct upward continuation of the PLL?

A

membrana tectoria, also known as occipito-axial membrane

105
Q

Which ligament may have a synovial bursa between it and the cruciate ligament?

A

membrana tectoria, also known as occipito-axial membrane

106
Q

Which ligament isolates the brainstem from the C1/C2 joint for rotation?

A

membrana tectoria, also known as occipito-axial membrane

107
Q

The L/R iliolumbar ligaments unite the distal _____________ to the _____________________

A

L5 transverses, iliac crests and sacral tuberosities

108
Q

Which ligament may have a superior band up to the L4 distal TP?

A

L/R iliolumbar ligaments

109
Q

Which ligament is considered as “overdeveloped intertransverse ligaments” and increases lumbosacral stability?

A

L/R iliolumbar ligaments

110
Q

The L/R lumbosacral ligaments unite the proximal L5 transverses to the….

A

sacral base

111
Q

Which ligament is less distinct than the iliolumbar ligaments?

A

L/R lumbosacral ligaments

112
Q

Which 2 ligaments increases lumbosacral stability?

A

L/R iliolumbar ligaments and L/R lumbosacral ligaments

113
Q

What is the joint classification for the sacrococcygeal articulation?

A

cartilaginous disc joint

114
Q

The intervertebral fibrocartilage ligament unites the ___________ to the _____________

A

sacral apex, coccygeal base

115
Q

Which ligament is a rudimentary IVD?

A

intervertebral fibrocartilage ligament

116
Q

Which ligament calcifies in sacrococcygeal fusion?

A

intervertebral fibrocartilage ligament

117
Q

The anterior sacrococcygeal ligament unites the anterior surface of ____ to the anterior surface of ____

A

S5, Cc1

118
Q

Which ligament is an indirect downward continuation of the ALL?

test q

A

anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

119
Q

Which ligament is a rudimentary S1-S5 ALL?

A

anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

120
Q

Which 2 ligaments degenerate with sacral fusion and becomes longitudinal periosteal fibers?

A

anterior sacrococcygeal ligament and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

121
Q

Which ligament continues downward as the anterior intercoccygeal ligament?

test q

A

anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

122
Q

The L/R lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments unite the _______________ to ________________

A

lateral inferior angles, Cc1 rudimentary transverses

123
Q

Which ligament forms the 30th IVFs (false) and allows passage of the ventral rami of the S5 spinal nerves?

test q

A

L/R sacrococcygeal ligaments

124
Q

The L/R lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments are homologous to what?

test q

A

the intertransverse ligaments

125
Q

Which ligament attaches the sacral cornu to the coccygeal cornu directly below?

A

the intercornual/ interarticular ligaments (L/R)

126
Q

The intercornual/ interarticular ligaments (L/R) are homologous to what?

test q

A

the articular capsules

127
Q

What does cornua mean?

A

rudimentary pre/post zygopophyses

128
Q

The deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament arises from the…

A

posterior surface of S5

129
Q

The deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament attaches to the….

A

back margin of the coccygeal base

130
Q

Which ligament is an indirect downward continuation of the PLL?

test q

A

deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

131
Q

Which ligament is a rudimentary S1-S5 PLL?

A

deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

132
Q

Does the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament continue down to the posterior coccyx?

A

NO

133
Q

The superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament arises off of the posterior surface of the…

A

deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

134
Q

The superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament attaches to the posterior surface of…

A

Cc1

135
Q

Which ligament continues downward as the posterior intercoccygeal ligament?

test q

A

superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

136
Q

What are the joint classifications for the intercoccygeal joints?

A

VARIES WITH AGE
-cartilaginous disc joints till approx 20 y/o
-simple fibrous joints when there is coccygeal ossification/ fusion approx 20 y/o
-fusion occurs age 30-40 in males, but 40-50 in females

137
Q

Which ligament is a downward continuation of the anterior sacrococcygeal ligament?

A

anterior intercoccygeal ligament

138
Q

Which 2 ligaments fuses with the intervertebral fibrocartilage ligaments at each level?

A

anterior and posterior intercoccygeal ligaments

139
Q

What is the anterior intercoccygeal ligament homologous to?

A

the ALL

140
Q

Which ligament is an inferior continuation of the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament?

A

posterior intercoccygeal ligament

Spinal Biodynamics 1 (17 decks)

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