types of transfer Flashcards
what’s proactive transfer?
the influence of one skill on a skill yet to be preformed
what’s retroactive transfer?
the influence of one skill on the learning and performance of a previously learned skill
example of proactive transfer
a basketball player taking up netball and being able to shoot in the goal accurately.
example of retroactive transfer
a tennis player takes up badminton, the learning of the badminton overhead smash effects the previously learned smash in tennis.
what’s positive transfer?
when the learning and performance of a skill helps the learning and performance of another skill.
example of positive transfer
long jumper being able to jump far in triple jump
what’s negative transfer?
when the performance and learning of one skill hinders the learning and performance of another skill
negative transfer example
badminton player used to flicking their wrists learns tennis where you want firm wrists
what’s bi-lateral transfer?
the transfer of learning from one limb to another
example of bi-lateral transfer
right hand dominant tennis player learns to play with their left hand.
when’s positive transfer only likely to occur?
when practice conditions are as realistic as possible.
what’s the identical elements theory?
proposes that positive effects increase as a function of the similarities of the components of motor skills and the context in which they are performed.
what’s the transfer-appropriate processing theory?
states that the amount of positive feedback transfer is related to the similarity of the cognitive processing activity involved in the two situations.
how can a coach in sport can minimise negative transfer occurring?
- Draw the performer’s attention to the differences in the response or ensure the performer knows the differences between the skills/required response
- Make sure skills are thoroughly learned before moving on to new ones or don’t introduce too many new movement patterns at once
- Avoid teaching/ performer practicing skills together that are similar / might cause confusion or don’t teach conflicting skills at the same time
- Make practice sessions similar to the performance / game situation
What makes negative transfer most likely to occur in sport?
- Performer misunderstanding the movement requirements
- A familiar stimulus requiring a new response
- Different skills/ movement patterns / info processing / decision making that
appear / seem to be similar
or skills that seem to be similar that aren’t - Conflicting skills are taught close together
- When practice environment is different to competition environment
