group and team dynamics Flashcards
what is a group?
a collection of people who both share similar goals and interact with each other
what are group dynamics?
the social processes operating within a group between individual members
what is group cohesion?
the tendency of a group or team to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its goals and objectives
what are the 5 properties of a group?
a common goal eg. all want to win
shared purpose
group unity eg. representing their club
structured patterns of communication
collective identity eg. same kit
what are the 4 stages of group development called?
forming
storming
norming
performing
what happens in the forming stage of group development?
starting to get to know each other
high dependance on leader for guidance and direction
individual roles unclear
what happens in the storming stage of group development?
conflict as teams jostle for position
might be clear goals established within the teams
teams may have difficulty making decisions
what happens in the norming stage of group development?
roles and responsibilities are now excepted
teams are stronger socially
stronger sense of commitment to the team
what happens in the performing stage of group development?
focus on achieving goals
clear vision and aim
no interference from leader
what’s Steiner’s model of group effectiveness?
actual productivity = potential productivity - losses due to faulty processes
what’s actual productivity?
the teams performance at a given time during a game or event
what’s potential productivity?
the maximum capability of the group when cohesiveness appears at its strongest
what are faulty processes?
the factors that can go wrong in team performance
what are losses due to faulty processes caused by?
co-ordination problems (due to lack of skill)
motivation problems (due to lack of effort)
what is social loafing?
motivational losses
relying on others because other people are doing work we don’t need to.
when people exert less effort on a task when in a group compared to when working alone.
what are causes of social loafing?
due to motivational losses
-learned helplessness
-poor motivation
-lack of confidence
-injury or illness
-individual efforts not being recognised by co-actors or spectators
-too high competition level
-individual loses identity in a group
-highly anxious person
strategies to reduce social loafing
-having specific roles within the team
-award player of the match
-threat of substitution/ replacement
-recognise value of effort of individuals
-employ stress management techniques
what is the Ringelmann effect?
co-ordination losses
caused by social loafing
performance decreases as group size increases and individual contribution decreases
what causes the Ringelmann effect?
lack of skill
inadequate leadership
poor team tactics/ strategies
duplication of efforts
difficulty level
lack of coordination
social loafing
strategies to reduce the Ringelmann effect
clear communication in the team goals
clear and well practiced strategies in training
work in smaller groups
designated roles
