Types Of T2DM Insulin

Question 1

Sulphonylureas:
Site of action
Mechanism
3 generic names

Answer 1

Pancreas
Increases insulin secretion by closing K-ATPase channels
Glipizide (glucotrol), glyburide (micronase), glimepepiride (amaryl)

Question 2

DPP-4 inhibitors:
1 name
Site of action
2 mechanisms

Answer 2

Sitagliptin (januvia)
Stomach
Decrease gastric emptying and increase GLP-1

*hypoglycemia if taken with sulphonylureas

Question 3

Thiazolidinedoines (TZD):
3 sites of action
3 mechanisms
2 names

Answer 3

Increase primary peripheral insulin resistance, increase adipogenesis, decrease liver glc secretion
Liver, adipose, muscle
Rosiglitazone (avandia) and piolotazone (actos)

Question 4

SGLT-2 inhibitors-
2 names
Mechanism and 2 results
Action site

Answer 4

Canaglilozin (invokana) and empagliflozin (jardiance)
Blocks the Na/glc transporters do decrease kidney reuptake of glc and increase glc urine secretion
Kidney

Question 5

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors:
2 names
2 mechanisms
Site of action

Answer 5

Acarbose (precose) and miglitol (glyset)
Slows CHO digestion in small intestine and decreases peak BG levels b/c delay CHO absorption
GI-tract

Question 6

2 different injection drugs

Answer 6

Amylin analogue

GLP-1 receptor agonist

Question 7

Amylin analogue:
Name
3 mechanisms
2 sites of action

Answer 7

Pramlintide (symlin)
Decrease glucagon secretion, slow gastric emptying, increase satiety
GI tract and pancreas

Question 8

Biguanide :
Generic name-2
3 mechanisms
Action site

Answer 8

• Metformin (glucophage)
• Decrease liver glc secretion, decrease insulin resistance, increase glc use of peripheral tissues
• liver

Question 9

GLP-1 receptor agonist :
Drug name
4 mechanism
2 sites of action

Answer 9

Exenatide (Byetta)
Increase insulin secretion, slow glc absorption rate, decrease postprandial glucagon secretion, increase satiety
Pancreas and GI tract