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MNT Prep > Immunity- Wound Healing > Flashcards

Immunity- Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

Cell injury comes from:

A

Physical injury
Deficiency of normal substance
Exposure to a toxin

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2
Q

1st defense

A

Innate
Skin
Mucous membranes
pH, lysozyme, temperature

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3
Q

2nd defense

A

Innate
Internal
Phagocytes, NK cells, inflammation, fever, anti microbial agents, leukocytes

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4
Q

3rd defense

A

Adaptive immunity
Humoral immunity- B cells
Cellular immunity- T cells

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5
Q

All leukocyte types

A 
2nd line of defense 
Neutrophils 
Lymphocytes (t and b) 
Monocytes 
Eosinophils 
Basophils
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6
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Non-specific
Non-phagocytic
Secrete chemicals

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7
Q

INF

A

Interferon
Anti microbial protein

(Complement is another example)

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8
Q

Inflammatory response

A 
Bacteria in blood 
Mast cell give off histamine 
Vasodilation 
Capillary permeability 
More blood flow and edema (exudate) 
Red, heat, swelling, pain
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9
Q

Cellular defense

A

T cells from thymus

Become effector cells (helper and cytotoxic and regulatory) to target intercellular pathogens

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10
Q

Humoral defense

A

B cells from bone marrow

T cells activate them to secrete antibodies that target extracellular proteins

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11
Q

Lab signs of acute inflammation

A

High WBC
High CRP
High fibrinogen

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12
Q

Lab signs of chronic inflammation

A

High CRP
High fibrinogen
High TNF alpha

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13
Q

Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

A 
Stop Cox 1- and -2
Stop prostaglandin made 
Raise GI acid and less mucus 
Down regulate renal blood flow and blood clotting 
Gastric bleeding and ulcers
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14
Q

Cox-2 inhibitors

A

Specific type of NSAIDS
Help with edema, pain, inflammation, and leukocytosis
Good for musculoskeletal problems
Risk strokes and heart attacks

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15
Q

Glucocorticoids risks

A

Muscle wasting
Osteoporosis
DM
Edema from vascular permeability

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16
Q

Antibody

A

Secreted by B cells when antigens present
Tag antigens and mark for destruction
M, A, G, D, E

17
Q

Pressure Ulcer

“Shear”

A

Mechanical force caused by gravity and friction like sitting

18
Q

Necrosis/Eschar

A

Brown black or tan tissue that sticks to the edges of the wound. Usually needs taken off (called debridement)

19
Q

Slough

A

Soft, moist avascular tissue that sticks/clumps to wound

White, yellow, tan, or green

20
Q

Undermining

Tunneling

A

Necrosis spreads to create a pocket underneath skin that is bigger than the wound appears on surface
Undermining joins another undermining

21
Q

Wound Vac using NPWT

A

Draws wound edges together

Negative pressure wound therapy

22
Q

Braden Scale (6-23)

A

Lower score means greater risk of bedsores

23
Q

Pressure ulcers stage 1

A

Red skin that doesn’t turn white when pressed
Skin not broken
Temp and hardness may be different

24
Q

Pressure ulcer Stage 2

A

Epidermis broken
Drainage and pus present
Dermis can be broken. Usually a shallow cut

25
Q

Pressure ulcer stage 3

A

Through dermis and into fatty tissue

Pus, odor, fever, green drainage, and necrosis may start to be visible

26
Q

Pressure ulcer stage 4

A

Wound goes into muscle or bone
Dead tissue, drainage, and possible infection
Surgery usually needed

27
Q

Suspected deep tissue injury characteristics

A

Purple or maroon local look
Blood blister
Mushy, boggy painful tissue

28
Q

Pressure ulcer: unstageable

A

Tissue completely lost but filled in with slough (yellow green brown gray or dark Eschar (necrosis))
It has to be removed to see the bottom of wound but is sometimes left in

29
Q

Normal wound healing process

A

Inflammation
Proliferative
Remodeling

30
Q

Kcal/protein/fluid needs for wound healing

A

25-30 or 30-35 kcal/kg
1.25-1.5 g/kg
35ml/kg or if over 55 yo, 30 ml/kg

31
Q

Arginine

Glutamine

A

Collagen deposition, nitrogen balance, immune function

Fuel for enterocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages

MNT Prep (27 decks)

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