Types of Seizures Flashcards
Causes of nonepileptic seizures
Extreme metabolic disruption from systemic disease
A deficiency state
Local effects of a brain tumor
Withdrawal from sedative/hypnotic drugs including ethanol
Infection
Renal failure
Hypoxic encephalopathy
Febrile convulsions
How do epileptic seizures happen?
A group of abnormal neurons in the epileptogenic foci spontaneously depolarize and the foci will recruit normal neurons –> seizure
Details about seizure activity patterns
Consists of a set of sensory, mental, and/or motor activities that are fairly consistent for a given individual
Partial seizures begin at…
…discrete and relatively limited focus
The pattern of partial seizures depends on what?
The area stimulated
Focal motor without march definition
Twitching limited in one area and doesn’t spread
Focal motor with march definition
Twitching starts in one area and spreads
Characteristics of a simple partial seizure
Has limited spread. Uncomplicated, affects only limited aspects of neural function, has motor or sensory symptoms
(The example Gengo gave in lecture where the patient said the room smelled weird but Gengo said it was fine, the patient realized they had a simple partial seizure)
Are consciousness and memory disturbed in a simple partial seizure?
No
Characteristics of complex partial seizures
Alteration of consciousness follows initial simple seizure. May appear alert and aware but consciousness impaired
Typically appears confused or preoccupied
May exhibit automatisims: purposeless and automatic behaviors (lip smacking, sucking, fumbling with clothing, etc.)
Where do complex partial seizures usually arise?
Temporal lobe
Feature of a generalized seizure (in regard to how much of the brain is involved)
Can’t be linked to a single foci, involves entire cerebrum. Includes seizures that vary immensely in terms of severity and amount of brain tissue recruited
Absence seizure features
Minor impairment of neural function because of short duration
Blank stare or other facial expression indicates impaired consciousness
2-10 seconds later- resumes pre-seizure activity
Disruption in intentional behavior, consciousness, and memory but not posture, muscle tone, or ongoing automatic behavior (walking)
May include lip smacking, pouting, eye blinking
Can occur 100s of times/day
When do simple absence seizures occur?
Childhood and adolescence, begins in childhood and peaks at 6-7 y/o
Do simple absence seizures resolve?
Yes, they usually go away when the CNS matures but may progress to generalized tonic-clonic seizures