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microbiology > Types of disinfectants and antiseptics > Flashcards

Types of disinfectants and antiseptics Flashcards

1
Q

carbolic acid is?

A

phenol

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2
Q

Phenol was first used by?

A

Lister in the operating room.

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3
Q

What is a now rarely used antiseptic or disinfectant because it irritates skin and has a disagreeable odor, but is presently used in throat sprays?

A

phenol

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4
Q

What is not a phenolic but is used instead of hexachlorophene but is not absorbed do no nerve damage?

A

clorhexidine

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5
Q

What is used for disinfecting skin and mucous membranes and is found in some surgical scrubs?

A

clorhexidine

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6
Q

What are some phenols and phenol derivatives?

A

phenol and clorhexidine

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7
Q

oxidize (removes electrons, destroy) cell components -

A

oxidizing agents

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8
Q

What is a good wound irrigant? Is broken down by human catalase so does not harm human cells. Good for anaerobic infections. Used in the food industry.

A

hydrogen peroxide

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9
Q

what is an unstable form of oxygen. Being considered for the disinfection of drinking water. Non-residual. Costly. ???

A

ozone

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10
Q

What sterilizes in 30 minutes, and is used in food processing and in treating medical equipment. Non- residual. Now considered the best chemosterilizer.

A

peracetic acid

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11
Q

What are the three oxidizing agents?

A

hydrogen peroxide
ozone
peracetic acid

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12
Q

What are the halogens?

A

fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine.

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13
Q

What is one of the oldest and best antiseptics, that works against most bacteria, spores and some viruses. Is used to disinfect water eating utensils, air, and wounds.

A

Iodines

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14
Q

an alcoholic solution of a chemical. Does stain.

A

tincture of iodine

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15
Q

combination of iodine and an organic substance usually a detergent. does not stain.

A

iodophor

isodine, betadine

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16
Q

a green gas that is commonly dissolved in a liquid, usually water ?
same infectiveness as iodine.
is used to disinfect: drinking water, swimming pools, sewage, and in some preparations to treat wounds.

A

chlorine

17
Q

What kills bacteria and fungi but not endospores orviruses?

A

alcohol

18
Q

Alcohol has a triple action of killing what is it?

A

denatures proteins, dissolves lipids, and dehydrates cells.

19
Q

Is alcohol good on wounds? If not why?

A

no, it coagulates proteins and blood and gives bacteria a place to hide.

20
Q

What is alcohol good for?

A

disinfecting skin surfaces, or cleaning nonliving surfaces.

21
Q

What are oligodynamic (able to work in very small amounts)?

A

Heavy metals

22
Q

Name the heavy metals?

A

cooper
silver
mercury
zinc

23
Q

What is used in plants, in lakes as an anti fungal and antialgal agent?

A

cooper

24
Q

What is 1% silver nitrate used to be used in the eyes of all newborns to prevent gonorrheal infection. Now replaced in hospitals with antibiotic ointment. Used as a cream on burn patients?

A

silver

25
Q

What is used to coat seeds, in leather preservation, or on small cuts. On cuts it can be washed away or inactivated by organic matter?

A

mercury

26
Q

What is an anti fungal agent used on skin and in paints. Also used in mouthwash to kill some bacteria and viruses?

A

zinc

27
Q

soaps, detergents, and quaternary ammonium compounds are?

A

surface active agents

28
Q

What breaks up oils and grease into small particles. Can be used to de-germ surfaces.

A

soaps

29
Q

What is stronger than soaps, and may damage cell walls?

A

detergents

30
Q

What is the most effective surface agent? Is used in mouthwash.

A

quaternary ammonium compounds

31
Q

Name some quaternary ammonium compounds.

A

Bacteriostatic, fungicidal, amoebicidal

(EX): Aseptine, Cepacol

32
Q

What is used as antimold agents in shampoos and cosmetics? or food preservatives.

A

chemical preservatives

33
Q

Name an examples of chemical preservatives for anti mold.

A

methylparaben, propylparaben

34
Q

Name the examples of chemical preservatives for food preservatives.

A

sorbic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite.

35
Q

What are among the best antimicrobials? Inactive proteins.

A

Aldehydes

36
Q

What are the two aldehydes?

A

formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde

37
Q

What is a gas, is called formalin when dissolved in water?

  • toxic carcinogenic
  • preserves biological specimens and embalms people
  • can sterilize but very slowly so is not good for any other purpose than those listed above.
A

formaldehyde

38
Q

What is less toxic and less irritating, and is used to sterilize respiratory therapy equipment.
-Take 3-10 hours for sterilize so is usually just used to disinfect.

A

glutaraldehyde

39
Q

What is a gaseous sterilizing agent. Is poisonous, teratogenic, explosive, and odorless. Takes 4- 18 hours to work followed by a long airing out period.
-Good for: plastics, lensed, instruments, mattresses, pillows, other heat or moisture sensitive materials.

A

Ethylene Oxide Gas

microbiology (9 decks)

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