Chapter 10 continued Flashcards
Problem with treating fungal infections is that they are?
eukaryotic cells.
- injectable drug
- used for fungal infections
Amphotericin B
Name the drug:
used for systemic fungal infection
Ketoconazole
Name the drug:
used for AIDS related mycoses (fungal)
Fluconazole
Name the drugs:
used to treat infections in the skin, mouth and vagina. (fungal)
Clotrimazole and miconazole
Name the drugs:
dissolves in the blood and CSF.
used to treat cutaneous mycoses (fungal)
usually combined with amphotericin B
Flucytosine
Agents to treat protozoal infections are?
Quinine
Matronidazole
Drug for:
original drug for treating malaria?
Quinine
What do these drugs replace: quinolones, chloroquine and primaquine
Quinine
What is widely used amoebicide and general purpose antiprotozoal
Metronidazole
Which drug:
-Treats intestinal infections and hepatic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica
-Also treats Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole
Mebendazole and albendazole kills?
round worms
Pyrantel _________ the muscles of intestinal __________.
paralyzes, roundworms
What drug kills tape or fluke worms?
praziquantel
What is a veterinary drug that is used for river blindness and lymphatic filariasis in humans.
It is usually used to prevent heart worms in dogs.
Ivermectin
The best thing to use for viruses is?
vaccines
What blocks HIV binding?
Enfuvirtide
What drugs block the flu from binding?
Amantadine + zanamivir + oseltamivir
What drug makes herpes viruses repress?
Acyclovir
What drug helps RSV lassa fever
Ribavirin
reverse transcriptase inhibitor
AZT
protease inhibitor
saquinavir
An adaptive response in which microorganisms begin to tolerate an amount of drug that would normally be inhibitory.
-This is genetic
Drug resistance
Drug resistance for antimicrobials is in?
the microbe – not the host
How can microbes can become resistant?
Spontaneous mutations
Acquisition of entire new genes or sets of genes via horizontal transfer from another species (plasmids)
-new enzymes
(ex: betalactanase)
-permeability to the drug is decreased.
-Drug is eliminated
(pumped out of the cell)
-Changing the drugs target
-change a metabolic pathway
mechanisms of drug resistance
New and effective antibiotics have been slow to come to market:
Antibiotics not economically lucrative
- Preparations of live microorganisms fed to animals and humans to improve intestinal biota
- Can replace microbes lost during antimicrobial therapy
probiotics
-Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes
Prebiotics
- Used to treat recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and ulcerative colitis.
- Transfer of feces from a healthy patient via colonoscopy
- Work is underway to develop a pill containing the species to re-colonize the colon.
Fecal transplants
