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microbiology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

-Found in the blood an migrate out of the blood and into the tissues when stimulated

A

Neutrophils

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2
Q

-React early in the inflammatory response

A

Neutrophils

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3
Q

are transformed into macrophages after they migrate out of the bloodstream and into the tissues.

A

Monocytes

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4
Q

live in a certain tissue

A

Histiocytes

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5
Q

microglial cells are?

A

in the CNS

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6
Q

Lung macrophages are?

A

Alveolar

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7
Q

cells in the liver are?

A

Kupffer

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8
Q

What cells are in the skin?

A

dendritic

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9
Q

what is the chemical trail called that leads to the injury?

A

chemotaxis

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10
Q

single molecules found on microbial surfaces recognized by phagocytes and other defensive cells are?

A

pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)

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11
Q

What are molecules shared by many organisms, but not present in mammals?

A

PAMPS

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12
Q

What are PRR’s ?

A

pattern recognition receptors

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13
Q

What are found on phagocytes, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and lymphocytes?

A

PRR’s

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14
Q

What recognizes and bind PAMPs

A

PRR’s

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15
Q

What is it called when phagocytes use pattern recognition to identify and stick to foreign cells?

A

attachment.

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16
Q

Once the phagocyte had made contact with its prey it extends pseudopods that enclose the cells or particles in a pocket and internalize them in a vacuole called a phagosome. It secretes more cytokines to further amplify the innate response.

A

Engulfment.

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17
Q

in a short time lysosomes migrate to the scene of the phagosome and fuse with it to form a phagolysosome.

A

Phagolysosome formation

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18
Q

redness caused by increased circulation and vasodilation in the injured tissue is?

A

rubor

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19
Q

heat or warmth caused by the heat given off by the increased flow of blood is?

A

calor

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20
Q

swelling caused by fluid escaping into the tissues is?

A

tumor

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21
Q

pain caused by the stimulation of nerve endings is?

A

dolor

22
Q

something caused by swelling and pain is?

A

loss of function

23
Q
  • Trauma from infection
  • Tissue injury or necrosis due to physical or chemical agents
  • Specific immune reactions
A

factors that elicit inflammation

24
Q

What are the steps of phagocytosis?

A 
chemotaxis
attachment
ingestion
phagolysosome formation
digestion
excretion
25
Q
  • mobilize and attract immune components to the site of injury
  • to repair tissue
  • destroy microbes and block their further invasion
A

chief function of inflammation

26
Q

does inflammation have the potential to cause tissue injury?

A

yes, it does.

27
Q

small active molecules secreted by monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells are?

A

cytokines

28
Q

cytokines do what?

A

communicate with each other.

29
Q

what causes vasodilation?

A

histamine

30
Q

What produces histamines?

A

basophils

mast cells

31
Q

initial injury
chain reaction take place
vasodilation
summoning beneficial cells and fluids to injured area

A

stages of inflammation

32
Q

migration of WBCs out of blood vessels into tissues is called?

A

diapedesis

33
Q

the accumulation of a whitish mass of cells, liquefied cellular debris, and bacteria is?

A

pus

34
Q

What bacteria such as streptococci, staphylococci, gonococci, and meningococci that stimulate the formation of pus?

A

pyogenic

35
Q

Abnormally elevated body temperature is?

A

fever

36
Q

Nearly universal symptom of infection is?

A

fever

37
Q

Body temperature is maintained by the?

A

hypothalamus

38
Q

What are substances that reset the hypothalamic thermostat to a higher setting?

A

pyrogens

39
Q

products of infectious agents are?

A

Exogenous pyrogens

40
Q

liberated by monocytes, neutrophils, and macrophagesduring phagocytosis such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor is?

A

endogenous pyrogens

41
Q

What are benefits of fever?

A
  • Impedes nutrition of bacteria by reducing the availability of iron
  • Increases metabolism and stimulates immune reactions
42
Q

What is produced by viral infected cells and it will be released and will protect the other cells.

A

Interferon

43
Q

What are the two antimicrobial proteins?

A
  • interferons

- complement

44
Q

What has 26 blood proteins that work in concert to destroy bacteria and certain viruses

A

complement

45
Q

Complement 3 pathways:

Which pathway is initiated either by the foreign cell membrane of a parasite or a surface antibody?

A

Classical pathway

46
Q

Complement 3 pathways:

Which binds to pathogen membranes

A

alternative pathway

47
Q

Complement 3 pathways:

Which binds to mannose?

A

lectin pathway

48
Q

Common effects of all complement pathways:

Which one is caused by the membrane attack complex?
kills the cell

A

cytolysis.

49
Q

Common effects of all complement pathways:

Which one has certain complement proteins bind to microbes and enhance the ability of phagocytic cells to ingest them?

A

opsonization

50
Q

Common effects of all complement pathways:

Which one has certain complement proteins bind to mast cells and make them release histamine?

A

Inflammation

microbiology (9 decks)

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