Final Exam Review

Question 1

the supposed production of living organisms from nonliving matter

Answer 1

spontaneous generation

Question 2

it asserts that living things can only be produced by another living thing

Answer 2

biogenesis

Question 3

free from reproductive spores or germs; as, a sterile fluid.

Answer 3

sterile

Question 4

is a method designed to prevent contamination from microorganisms

Answer 4

aseptic technique

Question 5

states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms

Answer 5

germ theory of disease

Question 6

discovered bacteria, and invented the microscope. Known as the “father of microbiology.”

Answer 6

Antonie van Leewenhoek

Question 7

discovered that microbes were responsible for souring alcohol and came up with the process of pasteurization, where bacteria is destroyed by heating beverages and then allowing them to cool. His work in germ theory also led him and his team to create vaccinations for anthrax and rabies

Answer 7

Louis Pasteur

Question 8

American physician First documented recommendation of hand washing by healthcare workers to prevent disease

Answer 8

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Question 9

Hungarian physician who first instituted to wash hands with bleach having tremendous results

Answer 9

Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 10

made surgery much safer with the use of phenol to kill micro-organisms on skin of patients and surgical tools

Answer 10

Joseph Lister

Question 11

also the most important microbiologist developing the bacteriological techniques (agar, petri dish) proving micro-organisms caused harm. Experimental verification of the “germ theory of disease” Proved anthrax was caused by micro-organisms and discovered mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Answer 11

Robert Koch

Question 12

Describe the structure of DNA -

Answer 12

DNA is made up of six smaller molecules – a five carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate molecule and four different nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine).

Question 13

Describe the structure of RNA -

Answer 13

The basic components of RNA are the same than for DNA (see the DNA page) with two major differences. The pyrimidine base uracil replace thymine and ribose replace deoxyribose (see the sugars, purines and pyrimidines pages).

Question 14

The process that causes a protein to lose its shape

Answer 14

denaturing the protein

Question 15

microbes that live on or in the body and do not cause harm and are often beneficial to the body. (when they are in the correct location)

Answer 15

Normal Flora