Type of Bed - Gender Differences Flashcards
infants sleep on a pandanus mat covered with a blanket, and sometimes, a pillow is used.
Traditional American Samoan home
Made of wood and might be decorated in various ways and is used by several Native American nations.
Cradleboard
Helps the infant feel secure and is easily moved while the family engages in work, travel, or other activities.
Cradleboard
- Blamed for exacerbating hip dysplasia in Native American infants; diapering counterbalances this by causing a slight abduction of the hips.
Cradleboard
- Infant sleeps with the mother, allowed to breast-feed on demand with minimal disturbance of adult sleep
- United States and Canada
- Less parental motivation to enforce “sleeping through the night.”
- United States and Canada
- Infants continue to wake up every 4 hours during the night to be fed.
- United States and Canada
United States and Canada, transition from sleeping in a crib to a bed without side rails occurs during _______ years.
preschool
A function accomplished by the combined work of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, respiratory, and integumentary systems of the body.
Elimination
Primary concern of _______ and _______ is bowel and bladder control.
toddlers and pre-schoolers
major developmental milestones.
Toilet training or toileting
True or False
Most children are capable of achieving dryness by 2½ to 3 years of age.
True
True or False
Bowel training is more easily accomplished than bladder training.
True
True or False
Daytime (diurnal) dryness is more easily attained than nighttime (nocturnal) dryness.
True
Some cultures start toilet training a child before his or her first birthday and consider the child a “failure” if dryness is not achieved by __months.
18
In some cultures, children are not expected to be dry until __ years of age.
5
True or False
Boys typically acquire bladder control before girls.
False
Girls typically acquire bladder control before boys.
factors influencing menstruation
- Ethnicity
- Diet.
- Exercise.
- Stress.
strongest determinant of the duration and character of menstrual flow.
Ethnicity
Signals that a girl’s body is physiologically becoming ready for motherhood.
Menarche
During menstruation they are not
- Not permitted to walk barefooted.
- Wash their hair.
- Take showers or baths during menses.
Traditional Mexican American families
Sour or iced foods cause the menstrual flow to thicken.
Mexican Americans
Drinking lemon or pineapple juice will increase menstrual cramping.
Puerto Rican teenagers
True or False
In Islamic law, blood is considered unclean.
True
True or False
Menstruating girls and women are forbidden to perform certain acts of worship
True
Do not enter the kitchen and may sleep in separate/special rooms during menses.
Buddhist and Hindu women
Encourage children to express opinions verbally and to take an active role in all family activities.
African American families
Value respectful, deferential behavior toward adults, who are considered experienced and wise. Children are discouraged from making decisions independently.
- Asian parents
A witty, fast reply is a sign of intelligence and cleverness. In non-Western circles, it may be a sign of rudeness and disrespect.
US, Canadian, European, and Australian cultures
Form of discipline, inappropriate and/or unacceptable
Spanking or various restraining actions
Physical punishment is rare. Quiet voice, telling the child what is expected. During breast-feeding and toilet training or toilet learning, permitted to set their own pace. Parents tend to be permissive and not demanding.
Native North American
Tend to point out negative behaviors of a child. May use spanking and physical punishment to quickly gain the child’s attention and rapidly get him or her to behave, especially in public.
African American
adolescents are given a period of time (a month to a year) of a more independent lifestyle prior to commitment to specific religious life rules.
American Amish
ISPCAN
International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglec
Held an international congress to explore physical abuse and neglect, molestation, child prostitution, nutritional deprivation, and emotional maltreatment from a cross-national perspective.
International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN)
Identify what culture
Examples of Practices That Are Acceptable and May Be Considered Abusive or Neglectful in Other Cultures:
- Despite warm temperatures, infants are covered with multiple layers of clothing.
- Might be observed to sweat profusely.
- Parents believe that young children become chilled easily and die of exposure to the cold.
- Practice rites of initiation for boys and girls, usually at the time of puberty.
- Ritual circumcision—of both boys and girls—is performed without anesthesia.
- Ability to endure the associated pain is considered a manifestation of the maturity expected of an adult.
- Folk healing practices such as coining, cupping, and burning that produce marks on the body are used for treatment of upper respiratory illnesses, pain relief, and various other illnesses.
4.
* Fondling of the genitals of infants and young children is used to soothe them or encourage sleep.
* Fondling of older children or for the sexual gratification of adults falls outside of acceptable cultural behaviors.
- Middle Eastern Cultures
- African Nations
- United States and Canada, Some Southeast Asian
- Middle Eastern and Mexican Societies
True or False
Mexican American Children are three times more likely than White children to die of child abuse.
False
African American Children are three times more likely than White children to die of child abuse.
Appear early in life and form the basis for adult roles within a culture.
Physical Differences
Larger, more active, and have more muscle development.
Normal newborn boys
React more positively to comforting.
Normal newborn girls
6 classes of behavior:
- Nurturance.
- Responsibility.
- Obedience.
- Self-reliance.
- Achievement.
- Independence
