Children in a Culturally Diverse Society - Co-sleeping Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the primary care provider whether natural, adoptive, relational (grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins), or those who are unrelated but who function as primary providers of care and/or parent surrogates for varying periods of time.

A

Parent

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2
Q

There are important factors that influence the population of children:

A

Racial and ethnic
o poverty
o Health status
o Growth and development
o Infant attachment
o Crying

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3
Q

In Canada, most immigrants reside in one of the major metropolitan areas:

A

Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal

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4
Q

According to the 2016 Census, _____ immigrants (588,305) were the third largest foreign-born group in Canada.

A

Filipino

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5
Q

has a cumulative effect on children’s health throughout their lives, and illness in adulthood is generally the result of early health-related occurrences that accumulated over time.

A

Poverty

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6
Q

When poverty affects the health lifestyle of a child during first 2 years of life this will result to damage in the _______ and __________ system.

A

neurological and musculoskeletal system

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7
Q

Research links poverty to numerous risks and disadvantages for children, including

A

increased abuse, neglect, and lower reading scores, overall less success in the classroom, failure, delinquency, malnutrition, and violence.

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8
Q

True or False

Financial status is influenced by many factors, including access to health services.

A

False

Health status is influenced by many factors, including access to health services.

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9
Q

Indicators of child health status include birth weight, infant mortality, and immunization rates.

A

Children health status

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10
Q

Barriers to quality health care services for children

A
  • Poverty
  • Geography
  • Lack of cultural competence of health care providers
  • Racism and other form of prejudices.
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11
Q

True or False

Throughout life, culture exerts an all-pervasive influence on the developing infant, child, and adolescent.

A

True

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12
Q

True or False

Researchers who have worked in other cultures have become convinced that human functioning can be separated from the cultural and more immediate context in which children develop (Chen & Eisenberg, 2012).

A

False

Researchers who have worked in other cultures have become convinced that human functioning cannot be separated from the cultural and more immediate context in which children develop (Chen & Eisenberg, 2012).

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13
Q

In general, African American and White children are _______, followed by Native Americans; Asian children are the _____.

A

tallest
shortest

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14
Q

White North American youth age 12 to 18 years are ______ pounds heavier and _ inches taller than Filipino youths the same age.

A

22 to 33 lbs
6 inches

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15
Q

Growth and development differences might due to

A

diet, climate, and social milieu (Overfield, 1995).

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16
Q

mothers have less intervention as child plays to encourage exploration and independence.

A

German and Anglo- American

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17
Q

_________ mothers displays close relationship with children.

A

Japanese, Puerto Rican and Dominican

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18
Q

Cultural variation that could affect infant attachment and good parenting:

A

Parental socialization
- Values
- Beliefs
- Goals
- Behaviours
- Moving from rural to urban
- Lifestyle

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19
Q

focuses on relationships and bonds (particularly long-term) between people, including those between a parent and child and between romantic partners. It is a psychological explanation for the emotional bonds and relationships between people.

A

Attachment theory

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20
Q

From birth to 3 months, infants do not show any particular attachment to a specific caregiver. The infant’s signals, such as crying and fussing, naturally attract the attention of the caregiver and the baby’s positive responses encourage the caregiver to remain close.

A

Pre-Attachment Stage

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21
Q

Between 6 weeks of age to 7 months, infants begin to show preferences for primary and secondary caregivers. Infants develop trust that the caregiver will respond to their needs. While they still accept care from others, infants start distinguishing between familiar and unfamiliar people, responding more positively to the primary caregiver.

A

Indiscriminate Attachment

22
Q

At this point, from about 7 to 11 months of age, infants show a strong attachment and preference for one specific individual. They will protest when separated from the primary attachment figure (separation anxiety), and begin to display anxiety around strangers (stranger anxiety).

A

Discriminate Attachment

23
Q

After approximately 9 months of age, children begin to form strong emotional bonds with other caregivers beyond the primary attachment figure. This often includes a second parent, older siblings, and grandparent

A

Multiple Attachments

24
Q

These children become very distressed when a parent leaves. As a result of poor parental availability, these children cannot depend on their primary caregiver to be there when they need them.

A

Ambivalent attachment

25
Q

This attachment style might be a result of abusive or neglectful caregivers. Children who are punished for relying on a caregiver will learn to avoid seeking help in the future.

A

Avoidant attachment

26
Q

These children display a confusing mix of behavior, seeming disoriented, dazed, or confused. They may avoid or resist the parent. Lack of a clear attachment pattern is likely linked to inconsistent caregiver behavior

A

Disorganized attachment

27
Q

Children who can depend on their caregivers show distress when separated and joy when reunited. Although the child may be upset, they feel assured that the caregiver will return. This is the most common attachment style.

A

Secure attachment

28
Q

Who theorized the attachment theory?

A

John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth

29
Q

How do infants communicate when they are distressed?

A

Through crying (same)

30
Q

valued and nurtured; represent the promise of future generations.

A

Infants and children

31
Q

Childrearing behaviors among families from diverse cultures

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Sleep
  3. Elimination
  4. Menstruation
  5. Parent– child relationships and discipline
  6. Child abuse
  7. Cross-cultural differences concerning gender
32
Q

_______ food for young children in the belief that this will facilitate digestion

A

Pre-masticate or Chew

33
Q

Pre-masticate or chew are reportedly common in

A

Black and Hispanic mothers

34
Q

True or False

Pre-masticated food may transmit infections from mother’s mouth to baby

A

True

35
Q

world’s greatest food-producing nation

A

United States

36
Q

not enough essential nutrients or nutrients excreted too rapidly

A

Undernutrition

37
Q

eating too much of the wrong food or not excreting enough food

A

Overnutrition

38
Q

What cultural groups considers “fat babies” are healthy babies?

A

 Filipino
 Vietnamese
 Somali
 Hispanic American
 Mexican
 some African tribes (Igbo and Yoruba in Nigeria)
 Somali and Berber women
 Hispanic mothers

39
Q

They consider mild to moderate obesity in children as sign of affluence

A

Igbo and Yoruba in Nigeria

40
Q

lower nutrients, high-fat, high calorie food

A

empty calories

41
Q

Recovery might be enhanced by familiar food

A

Hospitalized child

42
Q

children should be fed separately from adults should acquire “good table manners” by the time they are 5 years old

A

Asian parents

43
Q

viewed as punishment for an evil act

A

Illness

44
Q

abstaining from solid food and sometimes liquids is viewed as penance for evil

A

Fasting

45
Q

How to prevent waterborne diseases in children?

A

few drops of bleach or safe water supply

46
Q

Practice of a child sleeping with another person on the same sleeping surface for all or part of the night.

A

Bed Sharing

47
Q

Practice of parents and children sleeping together in the same bed for all or part of the night.

A

Co-sleeping

48
Q

True or False

Co-sleeping is more common and occurs most frequently among African American families.

A

True

49
Q

True or False

Most White middle-class North American and European families believe that infants and children should sleep alone.

A

True

50
Q

No negative associations between co-sleeping during the toddler years and behavior and cognition at _ years of age.

A

5

51
Q
A