Pregnancy and Culture - Food Taboos and Craving Flashcards
True or False
All cultures recognize pregnancy as a special transition period, and many have particular customs and beliefs that dictate activity and behavior during pregnancy.
True
In what country is focused on accounts of differing beliefs and practices relative to pregnancy among various ethnic and cultural groups?
United States
True or False
Knowledge of certain biologic variations resulting from genetic and environmental backgrounds is important for nurses who care for childbearing families.
True
Heterozygotes are most commonly among ___________ (8% to 14%) individuals living in the United States and Canada who are of _________ ancestry; __________ and ___________ descent, might also carry the trait
African Americans
Mediterranean
Germanic
Native North American
True or False
If both parents are heterozygous, there is a one-in-two chance that the infant will be born with sickle cell disease.
False
Ifoth parents are heterozygous, there is a ONE-IN-FOUR chance that the infant will be born with sickle cell disease.
The incidence of non-insulin-dependent and gestational diabetes is much higher than normal among some ________ groups—a problem that increases maternal and infant morbidity.
American Indian
True or False
Illnesses that are common among European Americans might manifest themselves differently in American Indian clients.
True
True or False
The mortality rate in pregnant American Indian women with diabetes is higher than in White European American women.
True
Pregnant ___________ and ___________ women with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of having babies born with birth defects.
American Indians
Alaskan Native
Blood glucose of ___________ and _________ women usually return to normal after childbirth
American Indians
Alaskan Native
True or False
Women with gestational diabetes will develop type 2 diabetes later in life
True
North American women and couples to delay childbearing until their late __s and early __s and to have small families.
20s
30s
are a distinct subculture of pregnant women with special needs
Lesbian childbearing couples
Four areas that are significant in regard to lesbians considering parenting:
(1) sexual orientation disclosure to providers and finding sensitive caregivers,
(2) conception options,
(3) assurance of partner involvement
(4) how to legally protect both the parents and the child.
Two major concerns of lesbian couples
- The first centered on legal issues, such as power of attorney, visiting restrictions for the partner, and birth certificate information (father identification).
- The second concern dealt with the couple’s attention to nurses’ behavioral cues and questioning whether “busyness” on the part of the nurses might somehow equate to discomfort with the situation.
What are cultural variations influencing pregnancy?
- Alternative lifestyle choice
- Maternal role attainment
- Nontraditional support system
In what culture maternal role attainment is often taken for granted?
Western culture
Six internal and external factors are used to assist in maternal role attainment:
(1) setting a purpose of raising their babies;
(2) keeping their HIV status secret;
(3) maintaining feelings of autonomy and optimism by living as if nothing were wrong, that is, normalization;
(4) belief of quality versus quantity of support from husbands, mothers, or sisters.
(5) hope for a cure; and
(6) belief that their secret is safe with their health care providers
True or False
Western medicine is generally perceived as having a curative rather than a preventive focus.
True
Traditional groups like African Americans, Hispanics, Filipinos, Asians, and Native Americans mostly rely on ______ or ________ as their primary advisor and supporter for pregnancy.
Grandmother or other maternal relatives
Factors Influencing Childbearing Practice for Filipino Women:
- Cultural beliefs
- Socioeconomic factors
- Western medicine
Approximately ___ of Filipino births are supported by indigenous attendants called hilots.
41%
Acts a consultant throughout the pregnancy. Performs ritualistic sponge bath with oils and herbs, which is believed to have both physical and psychological benefits.
Hilots
True or False
In Filipino, the extended family is involved in the care of the baby, mother, and the household.
True
True or False
In Filipino culture, breast-feeding is encouraged and hot soups are encouraged to increase milk production. (Pacquiao, 2008)
True
______ and _______ are considered the business of women.
Labor and delivery
In Arab culture, _______ and midwives presided over home deliveries
dayahs and midwives
The _______ provide support during the pregnancy and labor and are considered by traditional Arab women to be most knowledgeable due to their experience in caring for other pregnant women.
dayahs
True or False
A thorough cultural assessment to ascertain a pregnant woman’s use of traditional support systems and/or nonWestern health care during her pregnancy is essential.
False
A thorough cultural assessment to ascertain a pregnant woman’s use of nontraditional support systems and/or Western health care during her pregnancy is essential.
Support during labor is known to have positive effects, such as
-reduced labor pain
-reduced stress
-shorter duration of labor
-less medication need
-increased maternal satisfaction
-positive attitude going into motherhood
A ________ is something held to be actual or true on the basis of a specific rationale or explanatory model.
belief
are phrased positively, describe what should be done to have a healthy baby.
Prescriptive beliefs
Remain active during pregnancy to aid the baby’s circulation
Crow Indian
Keep active during pregnancy to ensure a small baby and an easy delivery
Mexican and Cambodian
Remain happy to bring the baby joy and good fortune
Pueblo and Navajo Indian, Mexican, Japanese
Sleep flat on your back to protect the baby
Mexican
Continue sexual intercourse to lubricate the birth canal and prevent dry labor
Haitian, Mexican
Continue daily baths and frequent shampoos during pregnancy to produce a clean baby
Filipino
are phrased negatively, limit choices and behaviors that are practices/behaviors of the mother should not do in order to have a healthy baby.
Restrictive beliefs
Avoid cold air during pregnancy to prevent physical harm to the fetus
Mexican, Haitian, Asian
Avoid weddings and funerals or you will bring bad fortune to the baby
Vietnamese
Do not reach over your head or the cord will wrap around the baby’s neck
African American, Hispanic, White, Asian
Do not continue sexual intercourse or harm will come to you and baby
Vietnamese, Filipino, Samoan
Do not tie knots or braid or allow the baby’s father to do so because it will cause difficult labor
Navajo Indian
Do not sew
Pueblo Indian, Asian
is the restrictions with serious supernatural consequences, are practices believed to harm the baby or the mother.
Taboos
Avoid lunar eclipses and moonlight or the baby might be born with a deformity
Mexican
Do not walk on the streets at noon or 5 o’clock because this might make the spirits angry
Vietnamese
Do not join in traditional ceremonies like Yei or Squaw dances or spirits will harm the baby
Navajo Indian
Do not get involved with persons who cast spells, or the baby will be eaten in the womb
Haitian
Do not say the baby’s name before the naming ceremony or harm might come to the baby
Orthodox Jewish
Do not have your picture taken because it might cause stillbirth
African American
During the postpartum period, avoid visits from widows, women who have lost children, and people in mourning because they will bring bad fortune to the baby
South Asian Canadian
True or False
Traditional belief in many cultures is that a pregnant woman must be given the food that she smells to eat; otherwise, the fetus will move inside of her and a miscarriage will result (Spector, 2008).
True
This is the craving for and ingestion of nonfood substances, such as clay, laundry starch, or cornstarch.
Pica
Some ______ women prefer the solid milk of magnesia that can be purchased in Mexico, whereas other women eat the ice or frost that forms inside refrigerator units.
Hispanic
