Transcultural Nursing Care and Health Perspective of HIV/AIDS Flashcards
is a global illness that requires transcultural caring knowledge, understanding, and practices
HIV/AIDS
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
HIV can be transferred through
- Bodily fluids through sexual contact/unprotected sex
- Blood transfusion
- Mother and child transmission
- Injection/needles
Is HIV/AIDS a pandemic?
Yes, because there are cases of HIV/AIDS throughout the world.
Remember HIV/AIDS is NOT an endemic.
determines the patient’s knowledge about HIV
Pretest
positive or negative result
Posttest
ARV
Antiretroviral drug/therapy
True or False
There are medications prescribed for clients with HIVS which serve as a cure.
False, the medications given are used to slow down the progression of the virus.
Countries in where sex work is legal
Spain
Netherlands
Amsterdam, USA (redlight district)
True or False
In Spain, sex is a profession.
True
What bodily fluid is used for HIV rapid test?
Blood
How early can HIV could be detected?
At least 6 months
When is World’s AIDS day?
December 1
A person with HIV has an oral thrush and kissed his partner. Will his partner get HIV?
Yes, an oral thrush is an open wound, and HIV can be transmitted through bodily fluids such as blood, and secretions at the reproductive organs.
NOTE: Kissing is okay for pt with HIV as long as there is no open wound.
What do you call a pt with HIV in which the virus is sleeping and not completely eradicated
Undetectable
In _______, it has been estimated that over 33
million people were living with HIV, about ___
of whom were children.
1998, 10%
How many HIV infections in a day?
16,000 new infections a day
What country has the highest rate of HIV infection?
Sub-Saharan Africa specifically in Eswatini
Age of women and girl commonly infected at Eswatini?
15-49 years old
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE SPREAD OF
HIV IN ESWATINI
- Multiple and Concurrent Sexual Partners
- Sex Work
- HIV Stigma and Discrimination
- Gender Inequality and Gender-based violence
The aim was to diagnose 95% of all HIV-positive individuals, provide antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 95% of those diagnosed and achieve viral suppression for 95% of those treated by 2030.
95-95-95
Specifically, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 95-95-95
First two countries to the “95-95-95” global HIV target
Eswatini and Switzerland
Factors that contribute to the spread of HIV
- Increased migration
- Political instability
- Economic Crises
- Growing Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Injection Drug Use
True or False
Leininger predicted decades ago that cultural beliefs, values, norms, and patterns of caring had a powerful influence on human survival, growth, illness states, health, and well-being.
True
are predicted to influence care expressions, patterns, and practices that in turn influence the health, well-being, and care to dying clients
Worldview, social structure factors, and cultural
factors with attention to language, ethnohistory, and environmental context
Cultural Dimension in HIV/AIDS
- Stigma and Discrimination
- Beliefs About Health and Illness
- Gender Roles and Expectations
- Religious Beliefs and Practices
- Cultural Values and Family Dynamics
It can have a number of negative consequences for people living with HIV/AIDS. It is a major barrier in seeking treatment.
Stigma and Discrimination
Cultural beliefs about health, illness, and the causes of disease can influence how individuals interpret and respond to an HIV diagnosis.
Beliefs About Health and Illness
True or False
In gender roles and expectations, cultural norms related to gender roles can affect the
likelihood of infection and access to care.
True
True or False
Men may also be less likely to seek healthcare because of gender inequalities
False
WOMEN may also be less likely to seek healthcare because of gender inequalities
True or False
Religious beliefs hinder HIV/AIDS prevention and care efforts.
False
Religious beliefs can both support and hinder
HIV/AIDS prevention and care efforts.
What do most religions promote in preventing HIV/AIDS?
Abstinence
True or False
Social structure dimensions influence an individual’s access to resources, opportunities, and support networks, which in turn impact their health and wellbeing
True
Pertain to the organization and arrangement of a society, encompassing factors that shape how
individuals interact and function within that society.
Social structure dimensions
It reflects the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities in society
Economic Status and Access to Healthcare
Legal and policy frameworks have a direct impact on the well-being of those affected by HIV/AIDS because they can
- Encourage or discourage people from getting tested and treated for HIV
- Ensure or restrict access to healthcare
are considered a social structure dimension in the health perspectives of HIV/AIDS because they address the underlying social and cultural factors that contribute to the spread and impact of HIV/AIDS.
Cultural and educational campaigns
True or False
Unprotected sex increases women’s HIV infection risk twice as much as men, and young women, particularly under 17, are at higher risk of cervical cancer due to immunity.
True
True or False
Generic Healers are not helpful to their people and are not collaborative to nurses and other healthcare workers in understanding their clients’ beliefs about illness and caring practices
False
Generic Healers may be able to help their people and help nurses and other healthcare workers understands their clients’ beliefs about illness and caring practices
Care at this stage involves clinical action and
decisions to treat recurring infections and to provide ongoing psychosocial and cultural support. Economic considerations also play a large role, as recurrent illnesses may limit an infected person’s ability to work.
Late HIV illness
Care during this phase is largely related to
identification of the underlying HIV infection and specific disease-management issues.
Early HIV infection
Drugs/Medication used in HIV?
- Zidovudine (AZT)
- Antiretroviral therapy(HAART)
- Nevirapine
First drug for HIV, and was introduced in the late 1980s and added perhaps 6 months of healthy life for the average patient.
Zidovudine (AZT)
By the year ______, it is predicted that there will be nearly 42 million orphaned children in the 23 countries most heavily infected with HIV/AIDS
2010
