TYPE 1 DIABETES

Question 1

how can patient manage during illness?

Answer 1

check for sugar and ketones in the urine every 3 hours

Question 2

when should the doctor be notified with a patient who has type 1 diabetes?

Answer 2

1. fruity breath
2. Kussmaul/kteones in urine
3. glucose > 240
4. changes in LOC
5. uncontrolled breathing

Question 3

what are nutrition points to teach a patient who has type 1 diabetes?

Answer 3

1. read labels
2. count grams of carbs consumed because 15 g of carbs= 1 exchange
3. eat a regular intervals and do not skip meals
4. avoid high fat, sugar, and carb foods

Question 4

what is rapid acting insulin and what is the onset for it?

Answer 4

lispro insulin takes 15-30 minutes for onset

Question 5

what is short acting insulin and what is the onset for it?

Answer 5

short acting insulin is regular insulin and takes 30 minutes to 1 hour for onset

Question 6

what is intermediate acting insulin and what is the onset and peak of this insulin?

Answer 6

NPH insulin
onset= 1-2 hours
peak= 6-14 hours so watch for hypoglycemia

Question 7

when can children give insulin to themselves?

Answer 7

by school age, patients can given insulin by themselves

Question 8

what are important teachings about insulin?

Answer 8

1. never mix with glargine with anything

2. clear (short acting) to cloudy (NPH) and rotate the viral to mix

Question 9

what are clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia?

Answer 9

1. blood glucose > 250
2. polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are early signs
3. oliguria is a late sign
4. dehydration and decreased LOC
5. kussmaul respirations/ ketones in urine

Question 10

what are clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia?

Answer 10

1. blood glucose < 60
2. diaphoresis and decreased LOC
3. hunger
4. tachycardia
5. slurred speech and seizures
6. restlessness
7. cold/clammy

Question 11

what can be given to a type 1 diabetes patient before they exercise?

Answer 11

snack 30 minutes before and during (every 45 to 60 minutes) because exercise decreases blood glucose

Question 12

what can the patient do if they have a low blood glucose?

Answer 12

consume 15 G of simple carb, and then reassess in 15 minutes–> if BG is back to normal give another carb with protein such as PB crackers

Question 13

what can be given to the patient if they have a low BG but they are unconscious?

Answer 13

give glucagon IM or SQ