RENAL DISORDERS Flashcards
what are clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome?
- weight gain for period of days/weeks
- facial and periorbital edema
- ascites due to loss of albumin in the urine
- decreased, frothy urine–> frothy appearance is due to proteins
what are lab findings for nephrotic syndrome?
- UA/ 24 hour urine will reveal proteinuria > 2+
- hypoalbuminemia (low albumin in the blood)
- HLPD
- hemoconcentration which is caused by dehydration
- possible hyponatremia
- GFR= normal to high
what are nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome?
- rest and cluster care
- monitor I&Os, daily weight, edema, and abdominal girth
- get a kidney biopsy done
- monitor for protein in the urine
- limit sodium intake
what medications can be given for nephrotic syndrome?
- IV diuretics (furosemide) so monitor potassium
2. IV 25% albumin which pulls fluid back into the vascular system and then diuretics flushes it out of system
what is acute glomerulonephritis?
inflammation of gloermuli due to strep or recent upper respiratory infection–> kidney no longer filtering properly–> decreased GFR
what are clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis?
- hypertension which can lead to headaches, N/V, and irritability
- facial and periorbital edema that is worse in the morning
- tea, color, and cloudy colored urine
- anorexia
- decreased urine output
what are lab findings for acute golermulonephritis?
- throat culture is done
- UA reveals proteinuria and hematuria
- ASO positive titer due to strep
- elevated BUN and CRT
- decreased GFR
what are nursing interventions for a patient with acute gloermulonephritis?
- monitor I&Os, daily weight
- maintain fluid, sodium and potassium restrictions
- monitor skin for breakdown due to edema
- monitor and prevent infection
what are dietary teachings to provide a patient with acute glomerulonephritis?
restrict foods high in potassium with oliguria
what does hemolytic uremic syndrome cause?
this syndrome causes breakdown of RBCs which clogs the kidneys
what is the main cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome?
the main cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome is E.coli
what are clinical manifestations of hemolytic uremic syndrome?
- occurs after prodromal period of diarrhea/vomiting
- loss of appetite
- decreased urine output
- anuria with severe hypertension so the patient may have seizures
what are lab findings for hemolytic uremic syndrome?
- CBC with a decreased H&H
- elevated reticulocytes which are immature RBCs
- hematuria and proteinuria
- elevated BUN and CRT
- thrombocytopenia due to fibrin split in serum and urine
what are nursing interventions that can be done for treatment of hemolytic uremic syndrome?
- blood transufions can be given for severe anemia
- for a child who is anuric for 24 hours or having oliguria with uremia, HTN, or seizures–> hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
what are dietary teachings to provide to a child with hemolytic uremic syndrome?
- parentera nutrition can be given to patients who vomiting and having diarrhea and then enteral can be given
- avoid undercooked meats
- avoid unwashed, raw vegetables
- no public pools
