Tx, Preventions & Control Of Viral Diseases Flashcards
What are 3 Tx methods to treat viral diseases?
- Antiviral drugs
- Immune system stimulation
- Synthesize antibodies or admin of natural antiserum
T/F: Antimicrobial chemotherapy uses chemical compounds that are inhibitory or lethal to pathogenic microbes
True
T/F: Antiviral drugs can be used for other infections besides viral infections
False, used specifically for Tx of viral infections
Which drug is primarily restricted to herpesviruses?
Acyclovir
T/F: acyclovir is administered as a prodrug, active form
False, administered as prodrug, inactive form (needs virus enzyme to convert into active form)
Acyclovir is used in the Tx of what 3 types of herpesviruses?
- Herpesvirus infections in humans
- Feline herpesvirus 1 induced corneal ulcers
- Equine herpesvirus 1 induced encephalomyelitis
T/F: Acyclovir is a synthetic nucleoside analog of deoxyguanosine
True
How does the mechanism of acyclovir Tx herpesvirus infections?
Stops the growing of viral DNA chain and has competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerase
T/F: Acyclovir cannot be phosphorylated and incorporated into host DNA, therefore it is toxic to uninfected host cells
False, it is non-toxic to uninfected host cells
T/F: Amantadine inhibits replication of most strains of influenza A viruses by blocking uncoating of the virus
True
Which ion channel is the target of the antiviral Amantadine?
M2 ion channel
T/F: Oseltamivir (tamiflu) is a neurominidase inhibitor for influenza A and B viruses
True
T/F: Zidovudine (ZDV) or AZT AND ddI are nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors
True
ZDV/AZT competes to inhibit what activity?
Reverse transcriptase
T/F: AZT has been shown to stop CS of FIV-positive cats when administered twice a day, subQ, for 3 weeks
False, AZT can reduce CS but can’t stop infection
What is required to cleave HIV polyproteins into functional proteins?
Proteases
What can interfere with HIV polyproteins from being cleaved and thus prevent HIV from maturing into infectious viruses?
Protease inhibitors
What 4 types of vaccines are used for the prevention and control of viruses?
- Live attenuated viruses
- Non-replicating viruses
- Vaccines made from recombo DNA
- DIVA vaccine
What are 4 ways to produce live-attenuated virus vaccines?
- Via naturally occurring attenuated viruses
- Via serial passage in cultures cells
- Via serial passage in heterologous hosts
- Via selection of cold-adapted mutants and re-assortments
What are two ways to produce non-replicating virus vaccines?
- Via inactivated whole virions
2. Via purified native viral proteins
DIVA is accomplished by using what types of vaccine?
Subunit ‘marker vaccine’ DIVA vaccines
T/F: If an animal shows CS and/or tests positive by Dx test, they are known to be ill with a contagious disease and need to be quarantined
False, they need to be isolated
T/F: If an animal is exposed to contagious disease, does not show CS, and/or tests negative by Dx test, the exposed animal needs to be isolated
False, needs to be quarantined
What two preventative and control measures aim to separate and restrict the movement of animals?
Quarantine and culling
What are 4 methods of decontamination?
- Decontamination
- Sterilization
- Disinfection
- Antiseptics
T/F: Decontamination is a process or Tx that renders a medical divide, instrument, or environmental surface safe to handle
True
Which prevention and control process destroys or eliminates ALL forms of microbial life/pathogens, including highly resistant pathogens such as bacteria or spores?
Sterilization
T/F: disinfection will eliminate many or all pathogenic microorganisms, including bacterial spores, on inanimate objects
False, it will not eliminate bacterial spores
Which prevention and control method used liquid antimicrobial chemical application on skin or living tissue to inhibit or destroy microorganisms?
Antisepsis
What are 5 sterilization methods?
- Moist heat
- Dry heat
- Chemical methods such as gases
- Radiation (ionizing and non-ionizing)
- Sterile filtration (micro-filtration)
