Tx, Preventions & Control Of Viral Diseases

Question 1

What are 3 Tx methods to treat viral diseases?

Answer 1

1. Antiviral drugs
2. Immune system stimulation
3. Synthesize antibodies or admin of natural antiserum

Question 2

T/F: Antimicrobial chemotherapy uses chemical compounds that are inhibitory or lethal to pathogenic microbes

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F: Antiviral drugs can be used for other infections besides viral infections

Answer 3

False, used specifically for Tx of viral infections

Question 4

Which drug is primarily restricted to herpesviruses?

Answer 4

Acyclovir

Question 5

T/F: acyclovir is administered as a prodrug, active form

Answer 5

False, administered as prodrug, inactive form (needs virus enzyme to convert into active form)

Question 6

Acyclovir is used in the Tx of what 3 types of herpesviruses?

Answer 6

1. Herpesvirus infections in humans
2. Feline herpesvirus 1 induced corneal ulcers
3. Equine herpesvirus 1 induced encephalomyelitis

Question 7

T/F: Acyclovir is a synthetic nucleoside analog of deoxyguanosine

Answer 7

True

Question 8

How does the mechanism of acyclovir Tx herpesvirus infections?

Answer 8

Stops the growing of viral DNA chain and has competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerase

Question 9

T/F: Acyclovir cannot be phosphorylated and incorporated into host DNA, therefore it is toxic to uninfected host cells

Answer 9

False, it is non-toxic to uninfected host cells

Question 10

T/F: Amantadine inhibits replication of most strains of influenza A viruses by blocking uncoating of the virus

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Which ion channel is the target of the antiviral Amantadine?

Answer 11

M2 ion channel

Question 12

T/F: Oseltamivir (tamiflu) is a neurominidase inhibitor for influenza A and B viruses

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F: Zidovudine (ZDV) or AZT AND ddI are nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 13

True

Question 14

ZDV/AZT competes to inhibit what activity?

Answer 14

Reverse transcriptase

Question 15

T/F: AZT has been shown to stop CS of FIV-positive cats when administered twice a day, subQ, for 3 weeks

Answer 15

False, AZT can reduce CS but can’t stop infection

Question 16

What is required to cleave HIV polyproteins into functional proteins?

Answer 16

Proteases

Question 17

What can interfere with HIV polyproteins from being cleaved and thus prevent HIV from maturing into infectious viruses?

Answer 17

Protease inhibitors

Question 18

What 4 types of vaccines are used for the prevention and control of viruses?

Answer 18

1. Live attenuated viruses
2. Non-replicating viruses
3. Vaccines made from recombo DNA
4. DIVA vaccine

Question 19

What are 4 ways to produce live-attenuated virus vaccines?

Answer 19

1. Via naturally occurring attenuated viruses
2. Via serial passage in cultures cells
3. Via serial passage in heterologous hosts
4. Via selection of cold-adapted mutants and re-assortments

Question 20

What are two ways to produce non-replicating virus vaccines?

Answer 20

1. Via inactivated whole virions

2. Via purified native viral proteins

Question 21

DIVA is accomplished by using what types of vaccine?

Answer 21

Subunit ‘marker vaccine’ DIVA vaccines

Question 22

T/F: If an animal shows CS and/or tests positive by Dx test, they are known to be ill with a contagious disease and need to be quarantined

Answer 22

False, they need to be isolated

Question 23

T/F: If an animal is exposed to contagious disease, does not show CS, and/or tests negative by Dx test, the exposed animal needs to be isolated

Answer 23

False, needs to be quarantined

Question 24

What two preventative and control measures aim to separate and restrict the movement of animals?

Answer 24

Quarantine and culling

Question 25

What are 4 methods of decontamination?

Answer 25

1. Decontamination
2. Sterilization
3. Disinfection
4. Antiseptics

Question 26

T/F: Decontamination is a process or Tx that renders a medical divide, instrument, or environmental surface safe to handle

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Which prevention and control process destroys or eliminates ALL forms of microbial life/pathogens, including highly resistant pathogens such as bacteria or spores?

Answer 27

Sterilization

Question 28

T/F: disinfection will eliminate many or all pathogenic microorganisms, including bacterial spores, on inanimate objects

Answer 28

False, it will not eliminate bacterial spores

Question 29

Which prevention and control method used liquid antimicrobial chemical application on skin or living tissue to inhibit or destroy microorganisms?

Answer 29

Antisepsis

Question 30

What are 5 sterilization methods?

Answer 30

1. Moist heat
2. Dry heat
3. Chemical methods such as gases
4. Radiation (ionizing and non-ionizing)
5. Sterile filtration (micro-filtration)