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RUSVM Virology Exam 2 > Poxviridae > Flashcards

Poxviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 poxviruses we cover?

A
  1. Orthopoxvirus
  2. Parapoxvirus
  3. Avipoxivurs
  4. Capripoxvirus
  5. Leporipoxvirus
  6. Suipoxvirus
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2
Q

T/F: Poxviruses can be naked or enveloped, pleomorphic, and are usually brick-shaped

A

True

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3
Q

T/F: Parapoxvirus, in contrast with typical poxviruses, are ovoid and appear to have a crisscross, thread like surface

A

True

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4
Q

What are two distinct infectious poxvirus particles?

A
  1. Intracellular (naked) mature virus (IMV)

2. Extracellular enveloped virus (EEV)

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5
Q

T/F: poxviruses have icosahedral or helical symmetry

A

False, they have complex symmetry where the virion outer layer encloses a dumbbell-shaped core and two lateral bodies

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6
Q

T/F: poxviruses have a single molecule of linear double stranded DNA

A

True

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7
Q

Where does replication of poxvirus predominantly, if not exclusively, occur in?

A

Cytoplasm

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8
Q

T/F: both enveloped and non-enveloped virions are infectious

A

True

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9
Q

Why are enveloped poxviruses more unique?

A

Have high environmental stability and remain infectious over a period of several months in an ambient environment

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10
Q

What 3 routes can poxvirus be transmitted between animals?

A
  1. Skin (broken skin)
  2. Resp. routes (aerosol)
  3. Mechanical (arthropods)
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11
Q

What body system does poxvirus use to gain access to the systemic circulation?

A

Lymphatic system

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12
Q

What is the order of skin lesions caused by a poxvirus infection?

A

Macule > Papule > Vesicle > Pustule > Scab > Scar

Ma…Pa…Ve…Pu…Sca

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13
Q

What are two main infections caused by Orthopoxvirus?

A
  1. Cowpox

2. Monkeypox

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14
Q

T/F: Cowpox and monkeypox are both zoonotic

A

True

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15
Q

What is the reservoir host for cowpox?

A

Rodents

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16
Q

T/F: cowpox can be transmitted though infected milker’s hands or teat cups

A

True

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17
Q

T/F: With cowpox, papules can appear on teats and udder, leading calves to develop lesions in mouth

A

True

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18
Q

What is the usual route of transmission for cowpox in cats?

A

Skin inoculation, through bite or wound

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19
Q

T/F: Rodents are a common reservoir for cowpox in cats

A

False

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20
Q

What is the primary lesion of cowpox in cats?

A

Single primary skin lesion on head, neck, or forelimb

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21
Q

T/F: Ulcerative lesions or crusting papular lesions are signs of secondary lesions of cowpox in cats

A

True

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22
Q

What is the main transmission of cowpox in humans?

A

Mainly by cat contact, RARELY by rodents or zoo animals

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23
Q

What is the primary transmission route for monkeypox infection in humans?

A

Direct contact

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24
Q

What is the secondary transmission route of monkeypox in humans?

A

Human-to-human (close contact)

25
Q

What are two infections that parapoxviruses cause?

A
  1. Pseudocowpox

2. Contagious ecthyma/orf virus

26
Q

What is the condition that pseudocowpox virus causes in humans called?

A

Milker’s nodule

27
Q

What is the primary transmission route of pseudocowpox?

A

Contaminated milker’s hand, teat cups

28
Q

What are the acute lesion signs of pseudocowpox?

A

Erythema > papules > vesicle or pustule > rupture > thick scab > horse shoe shaped ring

29
Q

What are two ways to Dx pseudocowpox?

A
  1. Horseshoe shaped ring like lesion

2. Isolation and detection via Dx lab methods

30
Q

What is done to the removed scabs of pseudocowpox in order to prevent environmental contamination?

A

They are burned

31
Q

Who are the primary hosts of contagious ecthyma/ORF caused by parapoxvirus?

A

Sheep and goats, usually lambs and kids

32
Q

What are the order of lesions that contagious ecthyma/orf forms?

A

Macule > papule > vesicle > pustule > ulcer > scab

33
Q

What are the CS of contagious ecthyma?

A
  1. Lip swelling > spread to muzzle and nostrils > difficulty eating > anorexia and weight loss
  2. Lesion in feet > lameness
  3. Lesion in scrotum > infertility
34
Q

What species can a malignant form of contagious ecthyma be observed?

A

Sheep

35
Q

T/F: Vaccines should be used on farms, even if there isn’t a problem with orf/contagious ecthyma

A

False

36
Q

T/F: Vaccination of contagious ecthyma/orf offer long lasting immunity

A

False; ~1-2 years

37
Q

When should pregnant ewes be vaccinated against contagious ecthyma?

A

Before lambing

38
Q

T/F: contagious ecthyma/orf is zoonotic

A

True

39
Q

What three disease does capripoxvirus cause?

A
  1. Sheep pox
  2. Goat pox
  3. Lumpy skin disease of cattle
40
Q

What is a common route of transmission for sheeppox and goatpox?

A

Aerosol / resp. route

41
Q

T/F: Sheeppox is a systemic disease

A

True

42
Q

What are the two forms of sheeppox?

A

Malignant and benign form

43
Q

T/F: malignant sheeppox is seen in lambs and susceptible nonnative breed while benign sheeppox is seen in adults and resistant breeds

A

True

44
Q

T/F: sheeppox is reportable in most countries

A

True

45
Q

T/F: killed vaccines offer temporary protection while live attenuated vaccines offer excellent protection lasting over a year against sheeppox

A

True

46
Q

T/F: goatpox is not reportable

A

False, it is reportable

47
Q

What is the most common transmission route of lumpy skin disease in cattle?

A

Arthropod vector

48
Q

What disease does suipoxvirus cause?

A

Swinepox in pigs

49
Q

What is an important transmission route of swinepox?

A
  1. Pig louse, haematopinus suis
50
Q

T/F: There is evidence of transplacental infection of swinepox

A

True

51
Q

What are the typical pox lesions of swine pox?

A

Skin lesions
Exudative epidermitis (greasy pig) and secondary bacterial dermatitis
Upper respiratory tract and digestive tract in severe infections

52
Q

What disease does avipoxvirus cause?

A

Fowlpox

53
Q

Want are the 3 Clinical forms of fowlpox?

A
  1. Cutaneous dry form (most common)
  2. Diphtheritic wet form
  3. Ocular form
54
Q

Histologically, bollinger and borrel bodies can be seen with what poxvirus?

A

Avipoxvirus

55
Q

What is an important fowlpox control method?

A

Mosquito (and other biting insects) control

56
Q

What are the two manifestations of ulcerative dermatosis of sheep?

A
  1. Lip and leg ulceration

2. Venereal form

57
Q

What are two tranmission modes of ulcerative dermatosis of sheep?

A
  1. Damaged skin

2. Coitus

58
Q

What are 7 methods to Dx poxviruses?

A
  1. CS
  2. Sampling
  3. EM
  4. Histopathology
  5. Inoculation in embryonated egg (pock lesions)
  6. ELISA (serological assay)
  7. PCR
59
Q

T/F: parapoxviruses multiply in chicken embryo

A

False

RUSVM Virology Exam 2 (10 decks)

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