Tut 8 Done + timeline Flashcards
Define attachment:
Tendency to be close or in contact with a specific caregiver in times of distress.
Why does a child need a caregiver because:
- to explore environment to become more knowledgeable & competent
- usually mother as caregiver
What is the secure base phenomen ?
While exploring a child always comes back to caregiver or close and then continuous exploring
Name the evaluation aspects of attachment:
- It`s innate (u are born with it) but develops due to experience
Name the 4 phases of bowbly theory:
- Pre-Attchment
- Attachment in the making
- Clear - Cut attachment
- Reciprocal relationship
- Name the signs of the Pre-Attchment phase:
- Birth till 6 weeks
- Insecured/random orienting
- Baby are tuned to certain peoples origin (mothers voice)
- Infant produces signals to caregivers (crying smiling grasping = aslo called precursor)
- Name the signs of the Attachment in the making:
- 6 weeks to 6-8 month
- Adapts to limited number of caregivers
- Form expectations of caregiver reactions
- Preference limited
- Attachment behavior is preferentially directed:
crying smiling grasping babble more frequently showed to caregiver beacuse of reaction !
What is Preference limited:
- with enough effort everyone can take the role of caregiver
- Name the signs of the Clear - Cut attachment:
- From 6/8 months to 1 and a half
- Actively seek proximity to specific attachment figure
- Egocentric infants
- Person-permanence
- Separation causes intense separation anxiety
What is meant by egocentric infants ?
- child is not aware that caregiver have their own interested
What is meant by person-permanence ?
- awareness of existence of this person even when out of view
Name the signs of Reciprocal relationship ?
- Separation distress declines
- mental representation of their attachment relationships shaped by experience
- More balanced relationship due to increase of language and cognitive(understanding of feelings) abilities
What is the internal workig model of attachment?
Mental representation of self, attachment figures and relationships in general, developed in end of process of bowbly theory.
Name the 3 phases of breaking relatonship (detachment) also find in death experience.
First a someone experience protest, next despair and at the end detachment.
Name the signs of (protest) detachment/breaking relatonship:
- state of panic / child tries to undo separation with all means available
- Immediatley
Name the signs of (despair) detachment / breaking relatonship:
- Apears after a few days
- child is fixated on absent parents but has fallen into passivity
Name the signs of (detachment) detachment /breaking relatonship :
- After a few weeks
- starts to again be more interested in environment & is ready to interact with other caregivers.
Name the methods of strange situation procedure: by Ainsworth (8 Steps)
- longitudinal study
1. Child and caregiver enter unfamiliar room with toys (
2. Caregiver & child spend time together
3. Stranger enters, reads and after a while plays with the infant
4. Caregiver leaves
5. Caregiver returns
6. Caregiver and stranger leave
7. Stranger returns
8. Caregiver returns - > Afterwards the four differrent attachemnt stylyes were developed
Name the 4 secure attachment style
- Secure attachment style
- insecure (avoident attachment style)
- Insecure (Ambivalent attachment style)
- Disorganized attachment style
Signs regarding the experimet of secure attachment style:
- Infants actively seek proximity to caregiver after reunion
- Communicate feeling of distress openly-> simply go back to exploring afterwards
- Uses caregiver as secure base for exploration
Signs regarding the experimet of Avoidant / Insecure attachment style:
Don’t seem distressed (although they are) and ignore/avoid caregiver upon reunion
- easily calmed down by stanger as well as parent
Signs regarding the experimet of Ambivalent / Insecure attachment style:
- Often clingy from the very beginning & get very upset when mother leaves the room
- not able to return to play and exploration
- Up and downs on proximity seeking and proximity resistance
Signs regarding the experimet of Disorganized attachment style:
- Often abused by parents / parent died
- Not reasonable overall behaviour (no consistency as well)
- They want to be closed to mother but at same time, they view her as source of fear
- coping skills
Define sensitivityregarding attachment:
- ability to perceive and interpret children’s attachment signals correctly
- The more sensitive, also the more responsiveness, parents are the more secure the children are (If not then visa versa)
- mothers bound is stronger
What does the AAI style mean and show:
AAI -> showed that parents give there child the same attachment as they perceived
Define temperament regarding attachement
- it is the reactivity to stress and novelty and anxiety of a child.
Name the 4 categorization of adults dealing with negative past experience regarding attachment style:
- Autonomous / Secure
- Insecure-Dismissing
- Insecure-Preoccupied
- Unresolved
Name the signs of the
Autonomous / Secure stage:
- Ideal stage
- describes attachment-related experiences (negative/ positive) without idealisation or other contradictions
Name the signs of the
Insecure-Dismissing stage:
- either has positive evaluation of past experience attachment styles but does not remember much
- or Has but (not sure) tries to minimize attachment concerns (bad experience but does not want talk about it
Name the signs of the
Insecure-Preoccupied stage:
- Still influenced by past attachment experiences
- Feel mistreated and angry
- Unable to tell past story fluent and securly
- Has /mentions attachment concerns
Name the signs of the
Unresolved stage:
- Discuss experiences of loss/ potential trauma in a disoriented way as if they were still struggling
Long term effects of a good attachment style
- More socially skilled
- better adjusted to new circumstances
- Closer & more harmonious relationships with peers
Name the 4 parenting styles
- Authoritative Parenting
- Authoritarian Parenting
- Permissive Parenting
- Negligent Parenting
Name the signs of Authoritative Parenting (parents role and child development):
- Also regarding 3 dimensions
- most optimal style
- Leads to secure attachment
- parents act: Not intrusive (aufdringlich) permit freedom (no supervision) clear boundaries, respond to needs
- Child will be like: Energetic, confident, friendly, social, popular children
- High on all three dimesniosn
Name the signs of Authoritarian Parenting (parents role and child development):
- Also regarding 3 dimensions
- Parents act: unresponsive to children’s’ needs, harsh, and have the need of power
- Child we be like: low cognitive & social competence, lack self-confidence, are unfriendly and vulnerable to stressors
- low for first two dimensions high on last
Name the signs of Permissive Parenting (parents role and child development):
- Also regarding 3 dimensions
- Parents act: responsive to need but do not regulate them
- Child will be like: impulsive and lack of control
- does not respect child’s individuality
- High on first dimesion and low of other two
Name the signs of Negligent Parenting (parents role and child development)
- Also regarding 3 dimensions
- worst parenting style
- leads to insecure-avoidant and fearful-avoidant attachments
- parents act like
- Parents focus on own rather than children’s needs /fail to watch activity of child
- chiild will be like: unvalued
Name the 3 dimesions of the parenting style:
- Warm and responsive involvement.
- Let the child be who it wants to be .
- Demands for age-appropriate behavior, limit-setting and monitoring
Name the correspondence between parental attachment and infant attachment:
Insecure-dismissing parents = Develop avoidant attachments with their children.
- Autonomous/secure parents = Relate in secure way to their children.
- Insecure-preoccupied parents – Inclined to have ambivalent children.
- Unresolved parents = Tend to have disorganized infants.
two dimension working model in correspondence of attachments style:
- Secure attachment – Positive self/ Positive other.
- Dismissing-avoidant – Positive self/Negative other.
- Preoccupied – Negative self/Positive other.
- Fearful-avoidant – Negative self/Negative other.
