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Development > Tut 8 Done + timeline > Flashcards

Tut 8 Done + timeline Flashcards

1
Q

Define attachment:

A

Tendency to be close or in contact with a specific caregiver in times of distress.

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2
Q

Why does a child need a caregiver because:

A
  • to explore environment to become more knowledgeable & competent
  • usually mother as caregiver
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3
Q

What is the secure base phenomen ?

A

While exploring a child always comes back to caregiver or close and then continuous exploring

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4
Q

Name the evaluation aspects of attachment:

A
  • It`s innate (u are born with it) but develops due to experience
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5
Q

Name the 4 phases of bowbly theory:

A
  • Pre-Attchment
  • Attachment in the making
  • Clear - Cut attachment
  • Reciprocal relationship
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6
Q
  1. Name the signs of the Pre-Attchment phase:
A
  • Birth till 6 weeks
  • Insecured/random orienting
  • Baby are tuned to certain peoples origin (mothers voice)
  • Infant produces signals to caregivers (crying smiling grasping = aslo called precursor)
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7
Q
  1. Name the signs of the Attachment in the making:
A
  • 6 weeks to 6-8 month
  • Adapts to limited number of caregivers
  • Form expectations of caregiver reactions
  • Preference limited
  • Attachment behavior is preferentially directed:
    crying smiling grasping babble more frequently showed to caregiver beacuse of reaction !
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8
Q

What is Preference limited:

A
  • with enough effort everyone can take the role of caregiver
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9
Q
  1. Name the signs of the Clear - Cut attachment:
A
  • From 6/8 months to 1 and a half
  • Actively seek proximity to specific attachment figure
  • Egocentric infants
  • Person-permanence
  • Separation causes intense separation anxiety
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10
Q

What is meant by egocentric infants ?

A
  • child is not aware that caregiver have their own interested
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11
Q

What is meant by person-permanence ?

A
  • awareness of existence of this person even when out of view
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12
Q

Name the signs of Reciprocal relationship ?

A
  • Separation distress declines
  • mental representation of their attachment relationships shaped by experience
  • More balanced relationship due to increase of language and cognitive(understanding of feelings) abilities
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13
Q

What is the internal workig model of attachment?

A

Mental representation of self, attachment figures and relationships in general, developed in end of process of bowbly theory.

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14
Q

Name the 3 phases of breaking relatonship (detachment) also find in death experience.

A

First a someone experience protest, next despair and at the end detachment.

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15
Q

Name the signs of (protest) detachment/breaking relatonship:

A
  • state of panic / child tries to undo separation with all means available
  • Immediatley
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16
Q

Name the signs of (despair) detachment / breaking relatonship:

A
  • Apears after a few days

- child is fixated on absent parents but has fallen into passivity

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17
Q

Name the signs of (detachment) detachment /breaking relatonship :

A
  • After a few weeks

- starts to again be more interested in environment & is ready to interact with other caregivers.

18
Q

Name the methods of strange situation procedure: by Ainsworth (8 Steps)

A
  • longitudinal study
    1. Child and caregiver enter unfamiliar room with toys (
    2. Caregiver & child spend time together
    3. Stranger enters, reads and after a while plays with the infant
    4. Caregiver leaves
    5. Caregiver returns
    6. Caregiver and stranger leave
    7. Stranger returns
    8. Caregiver returns
  • > Afterwards the four differrent attachemnt stylyes were developed
19
Q

Name the 4 secure attachment style

A
  • Secure attachment style
  • insecure (avoident attachment style)
  • Insecure (Ambivalent attachment style)
  • Disorganized attachment style
20
Q

Signs regarding the experimet of secure attachment style:

A
  • Infants actively seek proximity to caregiver after reunion
  • Communicate feeling of distress openly-> simply go back to exploring afterwards
  • Uses caregiver as secure base for exploration
21
Q

Signs regarding the experimet of Avoidant / Insecure attachment style:

A

Don’t seem distressed (although they are) and ignore/avoid caregiver upon reunion
- easily calmed down by stanger as well as parent

22
Q

Signs regarding the experimet of Ambivalent / Insecure attachment style:

A
  • Often clingy from the very beginning & get very upset when mother leaves the room
  • not able to return to play and exploration
  • Up and downs on proximity seeking and proximity resistance
23
Q

Signs regarding the experimet of Disorganized attachment style:

A
  • Often abused by parents / parent died
  • Not reasonable overall behaviour (no consistency as well)
  • They want to be closed to mother but at same time, they view her as source of fear
  • coping skills
24
Q

Define sensitivityregarding attachment:

A
  • ability to perceive and interpret children’s attachment signals correctly
  • The more sensitive, also the more responsiveness, parents are the more secure the children are (If not then visa versa)
  • mothers bound is stronger
25
Q

What does the AAI style mean and show:

A

AAI -> showed that parents give there child the same attachment as they perceived

26
Q

Define temperament regarding attachement

A
  • it is the reactivity to stress and novelty and anxiety of a child.
27
Q

Name the 4 categorization of adults dealing with negative past experience regarding attachment style:

A
  • Autonomous / Secure
  • Insecure-Dismissing
  • Insecure-Preoccupied
  • Unresolved
28
Q

Name the signs of the

Autonomous / Secure stage:

A
  • Ideal stage

- describes attachment-related experiences (negative/ positive) without idealisation or other contradictions

29
Q

Name the signs of the

Insecure-Dismissing stage:

A
  • either has positive evaluation of past experience attachment styles but does not remember much
  • or Has but (not sure) tries to minimize attachment concerns (bad experience but does not want talk about it
30
Q

Name the signs of the

Insecure-Preoccupied stage:

A
  • Still influenced by past attachment experiences
  • Feel mistreated and angry
  • Unable to tell past story fluent and securly
  • Has /mentions attachment concerns
31
Q

Name the signs of the

Unresolved stage:

A
  • Discuss experiences of loss/ potential trauma in a disoriented way as if they were still struggling
32
Q

Long term effects of a good attachment style

A
  • More socially skilled
  • better adjusted to new circumstances
  • Closer & more harmonious relationships with peers
33
Q

Name the 4 parenting styles

A
  1. Authoritative Parenting
  2. Authoritarian Parenting
  3. Permissive Parenting
  4. Negligent Parenting
34
Q

Name the signs of Authoritative Parenting (parents role and child development):
- Also regarding 3 dimensions

A
  • most optimal style
  • Leads to secure attachment
  • parents act: Not intrusive (aufdringlich) permit freedom (no supervision) clear boundaries, respond to needs
  • Child will be like: Energetic, confident, friendly, social, popular children
  • High on all three dimesniosn
35
Q

Name the signs of Authoritarian Parenting (parents role and child development):
- Also regarding 3 dimensions

A
  • Parents act: unresponsive to children’s’ needs, harsh, and have the need of power
  • Child we be like: low cognitive & social competence, lack self-confidence, are unfriendly and vulnerable to stressors
  • low for first two dimensions high on last
36
Q

Name the signs of Permissive Parenting (parents role and child development):
- Also regarding 3 dimensions

A
  • Parents act: responsive to need but do not regulate them
  • Child will be like: impulsive and lack of control
  • does not respect child’s individuality
  • High on first dimesion and low of other two
37
Q

Name the signs of Negligent Parenting (parents role and child development)
- Also regarding 3 dimensions

A
  • worst parenting style
  • leads to insecure-avoidant and fearful-avoidant attachments
  • parents act like
  • Parents focus on own rather than children’s needs /fail to watch activity of child
  • chiild will be like: unvalued
38
Q

Name the 3 dimesions of the parenting style:

A
  • Warm and responsive involvement.
  • Let the child be who it wants to be .
  • Demands for age-appropriate behavior, limit-setting and monitoring
39
Q

Name the correspondence between parental attachment and infant attachment:

A

Insecure-dismissing parents = Develop avoidant attachments with their children.

  1. Autonomous/secure parents = Relate in secure way to their children.
  2. Insecure-preoccupied parents – Inclined to have ambivalent children.
  3. Unresolved parents = Tend to have disorganized infants.
40
Q

two dimension working model in correspondence of attachments style:

A
  1. Secure attachment – Positive self/ Positive other.
  2. Dismissing-avoidant – Positive self/Negative other.
  3. Preoccupied – Negative self/Positive other.
  4. Fearful-avoidant – Negative self/Negative other.

Development (10 decks)

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