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Development > Tut 7 Done + timeline > Flashcards

Tut 7 Done + timeline Flashcards

1
Q

Define theory of mind:

A

Understanding that other people have desires, beliefs and their own interpretations of the world and that it can differ from our own.

  • at the age of 4 it is devloped
  • Continious to develop
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2
Q

Definition of False belief task and exaple:

A
  • In general u try to trick a child by exposing him to two person which walk in a room and put the same object in differnet locations in turns and asking the child in where the first person would expect the object to be.
  • Sally anne task (just a simpler version with dolls
  • Smartie task (connceting with pencils) (other belief vs self belief)
  • BELIEF QUESTION -> later transfered to THINK QUESTION
  • Not about memory
    it is about test belief representaiton
  • solved by the age of 4
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3
Q

Namen the differneces between false belief task:

A

False belief task are influenced by:

  1. amount of information children
  2. perceive and the length of the story
    - Conclusion: 4 year old usually do not pass the usual false belief task but they pass and understand part of the theory in mind in the sally task
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4
Q

What happems at the age of 2 regarding theory of mind.

A
  • Use words regarding internal state (happy sad)
  • Also use word regarding sensory skill (I feel I like i taste)
  • Predict behavior based on desire
  • understand relationship seeing and knowing
  • pretend play starts at the age
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5
Q

What happems at the age of 3 regarding theory of mind:

A
  • childreen use cognitive terms such as known think
  • distinguish between mental states and external reality
  • childreen understand that people have different view on same object
  • in addition to desires they understand belief predicted behavior
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6
Q

What happems at the age of 4 regarding theory of mind:

A
  • Children realize that people have different view of an object even though they have the same perspective on it
  • objects can be things of “what they look like” and what they “can be” based on knowledge
  • first order belief (she thinks that he thinks)
  • Appereance and realtity distinction is possible (sponge and stone example)
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7
Q

What happems at the age of 5 regarding theory of mind:

A
  • understanding of suprise
  • Suprise is basically when the world is discomfort
  • aware that people can plant false belief
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8
Q

What happems at the age of 8 regarding theory of mind:

A
  • Second order belif is most likely achived
  • Example: she think that he thinks that he thinks
  • Also become aware of decpetive behavior (planting false belif in another persons mind)
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9
Q

name small factors which influence false belief task.

A
  • Language ability (devellopment)
  • Siblings (talk more about bleif than without
  • Family size (inteaction in general)
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10
Q

Name welman stages regarding theory of mind

A

Divided in 3 phases

  • Age of 2 Desire influneces behavior
  • Age of 3 Consideration of desires and beliefs
  • Age of 4 beliefs can have inaccurate interpretation
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11
Q

Perner theory regariding theory of mind.

A

If u have metareprenation then u have masterd the theory of mind.

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12
Q

Define Metareprenstation:

A

Ability to represent a representation. Understanding of distinction between what is being referred to and what is being represented.

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13
Q

leslies theory regarding theory of mind:

A

Metarepresentation is needed for pretend play. And if u have the ability to pretend play then u achived the theory of mind because you can connect with ur playing partner.

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14
Q

Harris theory regarding theory of mind:

simulation

A

Childreen are capable of understanding other people minds without understanding other people minds (Theory of mind)
- BUT based on emotions and previous experience people can put himself in his or her place (calles Simmulation)

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15
Q

name the 3 Autism handicaps:

A
  1. Qualitive impairments in social interaction
    - Failure in devlop relations (eye to eye contact)
  2. Qualitive impaiments in communication
    - Delay in devlopment in language
  3. Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior
    - To hold on to routines with no particular function
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16
Q

What are the two major roles in autsim?

A
  • Autistic aloneness (inability to relate to others)

- Desire for sameness (repetitive behavior and rituals/routines )

17
Q

How do u diagnostic a person with autism?

A

Interview with parents + observation

18
Q

Cristicsm on False Belief task

A
  • Not sensitive enough for children
  • you should be asking the question more for a 3 year old
  • Use implicit belief task not explictit !( it is about looking preference) !
  • Can not succed before the age of 4 highley correlated with language.
19
Q

What are precursors ? Building blooks for Theory of mind:

A
  1. Face perception till 18 month (face are more liked eyes are used as guide)
  2. Joint attention (undertsanding attention of a person to read desire)
    - Traidic attention (undertsanding face expression)
    - Dyadic attention (3 party of the object)
  3. Pretense (pretend playing
  4. Desire (showed trough out pointing
  5. Appereancs vs reality (stone vs sponge)
  6. perspective taking
    seeing is need for knowing later everyone has differnt view
20
Q

Name different degree of autism regarding the spectrum:

A

One side of the spectrum: learning difficulties

Other side of spectrum (higher intelegence)

21
Q

False belif task regarding storys created by 4 pictures. Name differnet storys and explain why and with which they strugled ?

A
  • Mechanical story (not involoving any person so no stuggle)
  • Behavioral story (people are included but it is not important to understand what they are thinking)
  • Mentalistic story (requires perspective taking of person in pictures which was difficult with ASD
22
Q

Define shared attention

A
  • Combines information about our own direction of gaze and another person’s direction of gaze.
  • Is part of the struggle in ASD but not fully explain it .
23
Q

Define and give examples for domain general theorys !

A

Examples are: Perner/Executive function HP

- Define: When something is trained or devloped it has multiple impact on multiple important aspect/function

24
Q

Define and give examples for domain specifc theorys !

A

Examples are : Wellman/chomsky

- Define: When something is trained or devloped it has only an impact on one important aspect/function

25
Q

Name facts of ASD childreen regarding mental representations:

A

ASD childreen have only an impairmend in mental reprenstation and not in non mental representation (example picture of the bear)
- The picture makes it physical not just belief or presentation out of the mind

26
Q

Name biological impact in autism:

A
  • Disposition of multiple genes (due to stress or passes on from mother)
  • Brain abnormabilities (to much or to less cell production)
  • general problems in brain areas connection
27
Q

What is the weak central coherence theory (Domain generel)?

A
  • ASD children tend to focus more on specific parts instad of the whole.
28
Q

Name the reduced generalization theory:

A

People with autism have difficulty generalizing newly learned behavior to a new environment. In other words, they fail to see connections/ can not see patterns.

29
Q

What is the executive dysfunction theoy Domain generel:

A
  • Autsim is explaind as a deficit/damage in executive functions in brain regions.
  • Inhibitory in impulse contol or planing
  • Individuals with ADHD, Schizophrenia, OCD and Tourette syndrome perform similarly to autistic individuals
30
Q

Theory of multiple deficit theory:

A

It assumes that autism is a complex of cognitive disorders

  • All theroies
  • Impaired theory of mind
  • Weak central coherence theory
  • executive dysdunction togethere
31
Q

Name the deficit of theory of mind :

A
  • Failure to consider others’ mental states.
  • Does not expalin Symptons of autism
  • Domain specific

Development (10 decks)

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