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Memory > Tut 5 > Flashcards

Tut 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What does strong emotion lead to ?

A
  1. Faster learning
  2. stronger memory retrieval and storing
  3. To many emotion lead to interfernce with our memory
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2
Q

What is an emotion ?

A

Three distinct but connected phenomena:

  1. Psychology response
  2. Overt (offen) behavior
  3. Conscious feelings
    - > Lead to response to impactfaul situation
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3
Q

What is Psychological response to emotion ?

A
  • Changes in heart rate
  • Persperiation (schweiß)
  • > Body reactions which are inside
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4
Q

What is overt behavior to emotion ?

A
  • facial expression
  • vocal tone
  • posture (haltung)
  • > Outside body reaction
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5
Q

What is conscious feelings regarding emotion ?

A
  • subjective experiences of a situation

- Happines or sadness

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6
Q

You can have learned emotion and innate emotions ! Name the innate emotions !

A
  • happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise
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7
Q

What is the fight or flight response and how does it work ?

A
  • Controlled by Autonomic nervous system -> which sends out adrelanine
  • Increase of some body systems and decrease of other (Take some energ from immun system for increase in blod pressure-> better reflex)
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8
Q

What is the James / Lange theory of emotion ?

A
  1. Emotional stimulaus
  2. Physiological/biological responses (arousal)
  3. Then determine or induce emotions
    - > Emptions are based ob body response
    - Ex: put on a happy face and then u feel better
    - Aslo known as somatic theories of emotion
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9
Q

What is the Schachter and Singer Two factor emotion theory ? (Modern emotional theory ?

A
  1. First emotion
  2. combination of cognitive appraisal (bewertung) and arousal (bodily response) cause emotions (both influence each other)
  3. Conscious emotion
    - Also sates that same bodily response can oocur in diff emotions
    - support high bridge study
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10
Q

Do non human have emotion ?

A
  • General similiar reaction

- Can not conclude because we can not study ther econsciousness

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11
Q

What is learned helplessness ?

A
  • exposure to an not influencial stimuli (response are ineffectful) leads to reducing motivation of avoidance
  • also explains depression
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12
Q

What is the mood congruency of memory theory and explain it ?

A
  • We retrieve (abrufen) memories that match our current mood
  • Because strong mood works just like a mmeory cue
  • Story example: Emotional story in middel part leaded to better memory
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13
Q

What is a flashbulb memory ?

A
  • A memory formed under conditions of extreme emotions that seems especially vivid and long lasting.
  • Very detailed but not perfect
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14
Q

Why are flashbulb memory not perfect ?

A
  • memories of particularly important events are continuously pondered (überlegt), rehearsed, and discussed. (which lead us to fill in gaps)
  • Based on Trade off system -
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15
Q

What did James papez figured out ?

A
  • hippocampus and cingulate cortex thalamus and hypothalamus form a loop and process emotion
  • > sensory imput arise to thalamus and the hypothalamus , helps to regulate the body response
  • Got rejected because he did not put focus on amygdala -> libic system
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16
Q

What is the structure of the amygalda ?

A
  • 2 amygaldas
  • exist out of
    1. Lateral nucleus
    2. Central nucleus
    3. Basolateral nucleus
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17
Q

What is the function of the Lateral nucleus ?

A
  • Entry point of sensory info for amygdala
  • Has a direct pathway over the thalamus (faster, less detailed)
  • > React quickly in danger
  • Has an indirect pathway over the thalamus and cortex (slower, accurate)
  • Evaluates the fear
18
Q

Name an example of the connection of the two pathways in Lateral nucleus !

A

If u see someone in the dark running towards u , u run! Only laiter on you relaize that the person is a friend

19
Q

What is the function of the central nucleus ?

A
  1. receives inputs from other amygdala nuclei (both)
  2. sends them to autonomic nervous system
    - releases stress hormone which can ot directly enter the hippocampus
    - and activates motor areas
20
Q

What is the function of the Basolateral nucleus ?

A

receives input from both nuclei and sends it to basel ganglia and hippocampus
- also allows amygdala to modulate memory (whend to store and when to retreive)

21
Q

On what does our emotion depend on ?

A
  • biological responses but also on how we interpret the situation
  • A bear in the zoo is not dangerous
22
Q

What is the function of the Frontal lobe regarding memory ?

A
  • Frontal cortex modulate the degree of how strong amygdala gets activated in different places (bear in the zoo is not dangerous
23
Q

Name the defintion of a phobia:

A

Over the top and irrational fear of an object or situation which lead to anxiety or panic attacks
- 2 types of phobias

24
Q

What is a specific phobia ?

A
  • Fears of particular objects or social situations
25
Q

What is Agoraphobia ?

A
  • generalized fear of leaving home or familiar “safe” areas -> because the fear to have a panic attack in public
26
Q

What are the main causes of phobia ?

A
  • They arise through classical conditioning!
  • caused by strong fear evoking experiences
  • via -> Social transmission -> seeing or listening to others about there fear
27
Q

How do we treat phobia ?

A
  • Via constant exposure to CS without US happening
  • Systematic desenziation: using small steps to get there
  • Or drugs that interfere with epinephrine
28
Q

What is the defintion of Posttraumatic stress disorder ?

A
  • develop after exposure to a horrific event

- Different then phobias is that it can be triggered by more cues

29
Q

What are the Symptons of PTSD

A
  • re/experiecing the event

- Trough nightmares, flashbacks, avoidance of trauma emotional numbing (betäubung)

30
Q

What is the cognitive expectancy theory ?

A
  • different response predict diff outcomes

- Is it worth it to behave like that if we know the outcome

31
Q

How do u meassure damage in the amygdala ?

A
  • If damged u do not have a physiological response during CS and US
32
Q

Name some facts about Virtual reality treatment:

A
  • Alternative to exposure therapy
  • Flooding : Highest stress stimuli showed first
  • Graded exposure: least scared one showed first
  • Benefits less expensive and higer mobility / more ethicl
33
Q

What are the treatments of PTSD

A
  • Extinction therapy: expose patient to cues that trigger anxiety in absence of danger gradual reduction
  • or pre identify vulnearable PTSD people
34
Q

What are the signs for Vulnerable people regarding PTSD ?

A
  • Genetics
  • Social enviornment
  • Hippocampal volume is smaller
  • Increased activity in amygdala
35
Q

What is the trader of system regarding flashub memory ?

A

-> strong memory are focused and weaker memories for surroundings are lost

36
Q

How can the Central nucleus reach the hippocmapus ?

A
  • indirectly because of
    blood brain barrier
    1. Stress hormones go from ANS to adrenal gland to brainstem nuclei where epinephrine gets translated into Norepinepherine-> send to Basolateral nucleus to hippocampus
37
Q

What is the amygdala good for ?

A
  • Emotional response
38
Q

What is the hippocamous good for ?

A
  • Contecxtual learning

- > place cells

39
Q

What is important regaring stress hormones and learning ?

A
  • Medium intensity

- Short delay most efficent learning

40
Q

How do we meassure phobia ?

A
  • Phobia is present when there is an hyperactivity in amygdala or cortex

Memory (9 decks)

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