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Memory > Tut 3 > Flashcards

Tut 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the defintion of a synapse ?

A

It is a gap where tow neurons exchange chemical messages via neurotrnsmitter !

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2
Q

Where are synapses formed ?

A

Between:

  • Axon and Dendrite
  • Axon and cell body
  • Axon and Axon
  • Dendrite and Dendrite
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3
Q

Where are neurotransmitter hold ?

A
  • in pre synapitc neurons vessicles
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4
Q

What are the main chemicals and what are there functions regarding action potential ?

A
  • Glutamate
  • Gaba
  • Dopamine
  • Either exitatory or inhibitory
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5
Q

How does the exchange between neurons take place ?

A
  1. Pre- relases neurotransmitter

2. post collects neurotransmitter via receptors

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6
Q

What is the refraction period ?

A
  • Period where neurons can not fire again
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7
Q

How do synapses geting cleared after the releas of chemicals ?

A
  • interactivation ( Braking neurotransmitter down)

- reuptake (Neurotansmitter gets taken back from presynaptic neuron)

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8
Q

What is so special about the neurotransmitter neuromodulator ?

A
  • modulate activity of large number of neurons

- When there is a memory or learning diseases than there is a decline in the neuromodlaor

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9
Q

What is synaptic plasticity ?

A
  • changes in synapse coactivity
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10
Q

What did Donals Heb say ?

A
  • If two neuons fire often together then they wire together

- hebbian synapses ! (Synapses have learning pattern)

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11
Q

What is the comulative effect ?

A
  • it is a very strong connection between two synpases due to constant co activtaion
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12
Q

What is the basic of Early LTP ?

A
  • last only for few hours or days (functional changes)

- one strong impulse

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13
Q

What is the basic of late LTP ?

A
  • Constant exposure to a stimuli so strong activity - Structural or functional changes
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14
Q

how does Early LTP work ?

A
  • one strong co - activation ! -> magnesium ion is released from NMDA recpetors (not influenced by genes using existing porteins)
  • magnesium pops out via high depolarisation due to lots of glutamate/sodium via AMPA receptor
  • NMDA is open -> leads to calcium entering the post synapses
  • > Calcium binds to clamodulin ->protein kineases -> take out the internalized AMPA receptor to the synaptic cleft
  • Not permanent changes !
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15
Q

What is Long term depression ?

A

A weakining in activity between two neurons

-> need for space u can not store all kind of infomation

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16
Q

How does long tem depression work ?

A
  1. Decrease of responsive in post
  2. Decrease of neurotranistter in pre
  3. Long term structural changes (regarding neuron or synapse)
17
Q

What is cellular /synaptic consolidation ?

A
  • process of synaptic and cellular changes (plasticity)

- early LTP functional changes

18
Q

How does Late LTP work ?

A
  • Due to many co activation the calmodulin/protein kineases go into the nucleus (either IG or late genes expression)
  • Kineases activates creb
  • creb activates IG can stengthen the protein kineases -> more ampa receptor
  • IG can activate LG via RNA proteins
  • > Cam form new proteins or synapses
19
Q

What is system consolidaion?

A
  • it is the change of neurol network which is linked to memory storage (structural changes)
  • late LTP
20
Q

What is the activaion time of LGs and what is the activation time in IG

A
  • within a 3-6 hours LG

- within a few min IG

21
Q

What is the difference between LG and IG ?

A

LG:

  • produce new proteins
  • Needs gene expression
  • and many co activation
22
Q

When does the hippocampus reactivates the teaching patterns ?

A
  • In paticular during sleep but also when u are awake
23
Q

Where are the place cells located ?

A
  • in the hippocampus (in the temporal lobe, posterior from the amygdala)
24
Q

What is the role of the hippocampus according to the theory place field?

A
  • Because episodic memoy is allways dependent on spatial context
  • Means that hippocampus is allways involved and so it is more than a tutor
  • Not involved in semantic memory
  • Evidence for MTT theory
25
Q

What is so special regarding place cells ?

A
  • They depend on place fields and place fields depend on boundaries
26
Q

What is a neurol chain ?

A
  • Neuron to neuron connection
27
Q

What is Superordinated circuit ?

A
  • A simple neuronal chain is modulated

by the activity of a third neuron

28
Q

What is so interesting regading LTP ?

A
  • Not bin proven it is only a paradigm

- Only found in tetanus experiments

Memory (9 decks)

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