Tut 5 Flashcards
1
Q
What were the most imprtant part in psychology devlopment ?
A
- 19 th century Academic psychology was developed
- psychology started with the study of mind
- based on intorspection + structuralism by Wundt - laiter challanged by William james functunalism
- behaviorism redefined psychology then as the study of behavior (based on objective method and experiment)
- Cognitive revolution redifined psychology as the study of mind) with better more reliable experimental method
2
Q
What was the zeitgeits in the 19 cnetury (major events)?
A
- University Reform in Germany
- Defeat of Roman empire
- Baconian resrach style
3
Q
What happed during the university reform in germany ?
A
- enlightment and protestant people fought against religion dominance in uni
- Scholastic method was replaced by new science without interference of the church
4
Q
What is the scholatsic method ?
A
- the study/reading without questioning
5
Q
What happend after the defeat of the roman empire ?
A
- modenisation of prussia
- ne university model (wissenschaft and bildung) controlled by a few prof
- Beginning of industrial revolution
6
Q
What is the baconian research style
A
- inductive reasoning
7
Q
What did wilhelm wundt do ?
A
- Father of experimetal psychlogy / physiological psychology 1874
- Psychology should be an expeimental method
- Psychology is not specific but broad with two key components
- promoted psychology via books
- 1879 first lab -> birth of psychology
- influenced by his teacher helmholz
8
Q
What are the two key components of psychology according to wundt ?
A
- psychophisics
- > Perception in relation to actual weight of stimuli (weber law) - Folk psychology
- > investigation of cultural history morlity and language
9
Q
What were the methods wundt used ?
A
- Experimental method
- introspection
- Historical method
10
Q
What ist the experimental method (name example of it)?
A
- measurmenth of length / metal processes / accuracy of memory tasks
11
Q
What is introspection ?
A
- Experimental self-observation to gain information of consciousness
- internal perception is not good
- experimental perception was good according to wundt
- It is a method of observation
12
Q
What ist the histroical method ?
A
- Studying the human mind (especially higher functions like social behaviour) by investigating the cultural differences
13
Q
What was william james famous for ?
A
- wrote principles of psychology
- Which was adopted by USA universities
- supporter of introspection and founder of functionalist
- Also saw continuity between human and animal which leaded him to comparative psychology
- brought psychology to america
14
Q
What is functionalism ?
A
- interested in practical functions of mind / consciousness
- not in sturcture and consistent of mind
15
Q
What is comparative psychology ?
A
- comparison of animal and human behavior
16
Q
What was so special about titchener ?
A
- Founder of structualism in america - came after william james
- tried to discover of the human mind via structuralism in combination with introspection
- but introspection + Structurlism did not influnence entire america because it had many enemies !
- founder of structuralism
17
Q
Who were the enemies of introspection in america and what were there arguments ?
A
- Würzuburg school: human don’t know of their processes of thinking so they can not report them
- Functionalism
- Gestalt psychology-> the whole is the the some so u can not break done pieces)
18
Q
Who developed psychology in france ?
A
- Théodule Ribot (william james of france)
- Questioned Comte
- > wants French population to know that positivist works without accepting all of Comte’s claims
- support introspection
19
Q
What is Comte model ?
A
Civilisation went trough three stages
- theoretic
- metaphysical
- positivistic
- > psychology was part of the second which means it is to old and replaced by biology sociology
20
Q
What is so special about Jean martin charcot ?
A
- first neurologist
- Came up with Hypnosis
- Had troubles with experimental set up which was laiter solved by Delboeuf
21
Q
What was so special about Delbouf ?
A
- First who identified the problem of demand charcteristics
- That subject knows that he is a subject and act likes it
22
Q
What was so special about Binet and simon ?
A
- Was a psychologist who wanted to figure out how to meassure intelligence (first intelligence test)
- Also was the first who came up with comparison of chronological age and mental process
- Galton started it but failed
23
Q
What was the devlopment of mental probleming ?
A
- First just informal support trough family
- 16 th century starting of asylums ( institution of insane)
- 18 the emlightment asylums became more horspital like
- 19 th first time to treat milder forms of mental disease
- used medical and educational treatment
24
Q
What was so special Sigmund Freud ?
A
- one of the first neurologists
- Started to do Psychoanalysis
- Came up with first complete theory of human psycological functioning ->
25
What is psychoanalysis ?
- conversations between the patient and the therapist
| - bringing unconsious memories into patient consciousness to free emotional energy
26
Which Methods did sigmund freud use ?
1. Medical case studies:
- intensive study of an individual within the context of their own world & relations
2. Intospection:
- Interpretation of therapist
27
How did psychology in the UK devlelope ?
- Universities were dominated by RCC (chruch)
- which means humanities and mathematics science
- 1887 psychology in cambridge (failed) by cattell
- 1893 psychology in Cambridge by Rivers then Myers
- 1935 oxford experimental psychology
28
What is so special about james sully ?
- Started the first experimental labortory
29
What is meant by "individualisation" regarding the rise of psychology ?
- shift from group focus to individual
- "me decade" 1970 focus on achieving personal emotional life instead of becoming rich
- Enlightment influnced it
30
Defintion of Structualsim:
- to search for structure of the mind via intropection
| - u can breaks thinks into pieces
31
What is deductive and inductive reasoning for a method ?
- Method which works with conclusion
