Tut 4 Done Flashcards
Name the basic informarion about Charles Darwin:
- 1809-1882
- lived in Britan
- mariried with coousin
- was a cleryman (geistlicher)
- studied at cambridge
- edingburgh medicin before
What had an major impact on Dawins live ?
- 5 year sale on beagle collecting plants and animals
- exploing the world
- 1831-1836
- Robert Fitz Roy capatin religious believe
What was Darwins first observation ?
- plants are able to do self-fetlisation (selbstbefruchung) they still not do it
- if some of these plants do they are still less healthy
- instead they did cross fertilization-> which leaded to mutaion and new types
What was one of darwins mayor concern ? Influenced by Thomas Mathus
- That if we do not stop our moral constraint (sex) the human species will out grow the natural resources (food)
- which than will lead to war
What did Darwin conclude from having limited natual ressouces ?
- That some individuals will have an adavantage of others (natural selection)
What is the definition of natural selection ?
- Passing on first type genes to the next generation which leads to an advantage ( favorable features) which are spported by the enviornment
- reduces unfavorable genes
- similarity on next generation but not perfect to gie space for varaitions of characteristics
Definition of survival of the fittest ?
it is the outcome of natural selection -> organism which fit best to the environment will pass on genes
When did darwin publish his book (orgin of species) ?
published by age 50
- in 1859
- because of Russel Wallace who wants to publish a simmilar book
What is the dilution problem ?
- a new feature organism will allways vanish when it comes to an new enviornment with organism who have allready an existing feature
- did not know about genetics
- if everything averages out then we would end up with one varaition which is clearly wrong so he used lemmarck and said over diff time we use and dissue diff abilitys so that adds variation again
- Mendel allready had the anser
What were the Missunderstandings of the natural selection theory ?
- Genes activate change in plant animal or organism so it becomes more adaptive to the enviornment -> which is wrong it is due to a (random change) misstake in passing on genes (luck)
- Each mutation does lead to a stronger or better organism (larger group) -> is wrong -> sometimes smart
What did Farncis Goltan show ?
- 1822-1911
- He showed heredity (veräbung) of human trait
- in particular intelligence
- Example he used was overlapping of intellectual families in england
- Critics lead him to meassure intelligence !
Why was Darwins theory so well known ?
Zeigeist was right :
- Intrest in diversity of species
- discovery of fossils
- Producing new flower types
- major network (trough voyage and letters )
- because of simplicity of the theory
Why was henslow so important for dawin ?
- Professor of Darwin and close friend
- On his advice he got on the beagle
- gave him important literature to read which endd up being an inspiation for Darwin
What was Paley famous for ?
- He said that adaptation of livings on sourroundings work so perfectly there must be a designer
- Metaphor: world is constructed like a clock
What was the idea of god in the 19th century ?
- God is an all seeing gurdian who aranged everything to run efficiently !
Which were the most important findings during the voyage which lead him to the his point of view ?
- Fossil findings in Patagonia
- Geographical distribution paterns of south america Rhea -> animals closly realted do not need to live in the same area
- Animal life of the galapagos Archipelago
- the diverse human population he met
What was darwins point of view regarding slavery ?
- humans were all brothers under the skin (proved by Anglicized Fuegians (a cevillisation which lived in the nature and there only abilty was to produce fire) were taken to england and learned in a few years all kind of norms
- against slavery
