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Tut 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mechanism and by who did it get influenced ?

A
  • 17th century
  • image of universe and world as a machine
  • mainly influenced by the invention of the clock
  • the laws of physics by newton
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2
Q

What is determinsim ?

A
  • The belief that that actions are determined by past events
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3
Q

What is Reductionsim ?

A
  • We break down complex ideas in simple ones
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4
Q

Name everything about descartes:

A
  • 1596-1650
  • mechanistic world view
  • rationalist and used deductive reasoning
  • ” everything can be doubt besides our mind”
  • Founder of dualism \ innate knowledge
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5
Q

What leads Descartes to dualism ?

A
  • The mechanistic world view -> that everything is made out of single parts !
  • everything can be doubt besides my mind therefore it needs to be a single part
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6
Q

What is the opposite of dualism ?

A
  • Monism
  • denies the existence of a distinction or duality
  • E.g mind and body
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7
Q

What is dualism according to Descartes ?

A
  • Mind is immaterial and separated from body

- The mind has an innate knowledge

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8
Q

How does the mind and the body interact ?

A
  • bidirectional interaction (interactionism)

min interact with body and visa versa

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9
Q

What is the function of the mind and what is the function of the body according to the dualism theory ?

A
  • mind is only there for thinking

- Body does everything else

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10
Q

What types of idea does the mind come up with ? (not that important )

A
  1. Derived ideas (produced by direct experinece of an external stimulus)
  2. Innate ideas (independent of sensory experiences/ external stimuli)-> E.g existence of GOD
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11
Q

What is the reflex action theory ?

A
  • External stimuli can bring out an involuntary respond (without cognitive involvement )
  • Which proof mechanistic view
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12
Q

What is the enlightenment ?

A
  • 18 th century
  • characterized by Autonomous (selbstandig) thinking
  • Science changed view on how society should work (individualization) and made people wealthy (technology)
  • Tradition and Religion started to have less influence then science although church was still strong
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13
Q

What were the counter forces of the enlightenment ?

A
  • The Roman catholic church ( Science knowledge is less important then real wisdom)
  • The protestant church ( more friendly then RCC but religion should guide science)
  • Humanities ( Traditional world view have proven there use it is dangerous to switch to rationalism)
  • Romantic (nothing is mechanic everything is a changing organism)
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14
Q

What were the precursors of the enlightenment ?

A
  • Individualization (loser social relations greater focus by individuals)
  • people wanted to stand out because of information collected by state -> Competition factor
  • religion puts emphasis on individual
  • Individualization increased by inventions such as books and mirror
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15
Q

For what was wolf well known for ?

A

he saw the need for an interaction between observation and reasoning

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16
Q

What is introspection ?

A
  • It is a research method of in psychology consisting of a person looking inward and reporting what he experiences
17
Q

What is rationalism and who supported it ?

A
  • innate knowledge =knowledge gained without experinece
  • is based on reasoning \ math
  • uses deductive reasoning
  • Supporter are: Plato Descartes
18
Q

What is empiricism and who supported it ?

A
  • No innate knowledge (tabula rasa)
  • > Human mind is blank
  • Based on perception \ natural science
  • uses inductive reasoning
  • Locke and Berekley
  • can lead to idealism
  • extrem form is positvism
19
Q

What is idealism\ Mentalism ?

A
  • opposite of realism
  • reality is dependent on the mind
  • (ich mach mir die welt wie sie mir gefällt im kopf)
  • E.g No world exist outside of our mind
  • supported by Berkeley / hume
20
Q

What is realism ?

A
  • Knowledge exist in world so u have to explore it trough our senses to gain knowledge
  • opposite of idealism
  • supported by Kant
21
Q

Who is berkely ?

A
  • (1685 – 1753)
  • Supported idealism
  • everything is made up in our mind there is no physicall world
22
Q

Who is david hume ?

A
  • Skepticism
  • Problem of induction: there is only co occurrence no cause effect without prior experience
  • (only because the sun goes up everyday u can not be sure that she will rise tmr as well)
23
Q

What is metaphysics and name the four parts of it ?

A
  • Influenced by Aristotle
  • Ontology – study of universe & its entities
  • Natural theology – study of god
  • Universal science – study of axioms
  • Psychology – study of the human soul
24
Q

What is Positivism ?

A
  • influenced by Comte
  • Knowledge can only be obtain by scientific method and religion and philosophy a are less good forms of explanation
  • Main thinking during enlightenment
25
Q

Name everything about immnanuel kant :

A

Mind = sum of ideas

- realism -> innate knowledge

26
Q

Name everything about Comte:

A
  • Psychology is not a science because of the problem of introspective reasoning
  • Mind is an organ of observation and can not observe itself
  • only way to study is via biology and observation which is not possible
27
Q

What is Rational psychology according to wolf ?

A
  • Trough out deductive reasoning new axioms can be made which fit new knowledge
28
Q

What is Empirical psychology according to wolf ?

A

-inductive reasoning and sensation = postivism

29
Q

What are axioms ?

A
  • Beliefs which are broadly acceptance (no criticism)
30
Q

Who is john locke ?

A

We gain knowledge via experiences which is made of:
- Farther of empericism
1. sensation (Direct sensory imput)
- Primary qualities
- Secondary qualities
2. Reflection (Sensory experiences)
Theory of association – knowledge results from linking simple ideas to form complex ideas

31
Q

What are primary qualities and what are secondary qualities ?

A
  1. Primary qualities :
    - characteristics that exist in an object whether or not we perceive them ( Sensation without perception)
  2. Secondary qualities: subjective – exist in our perception of the object (Geruch oder farbe)

History (9 decks)

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